Canceling a pending movement is hallmark of voluntary behavioral control because it allows us to quickly adapt unattended changes either in the external environment or our thoughts. The countermanding paradigm study inhibitory processes motor acts by requiring subject withhold planned movements response an infrequent stop-signal. At present neural underlying arm are mostly unknown. We recorded activity single units rostral and caudal portion dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) monkeys trained...

The precise localizations of the neural substrates voluntary inhibition are still debated. It has been hypothesized that, in humans, this executive function relies upon a right-lateralized pathway comprising inferior frontal gyrus and presupplementary motor area, which would control processes for movement acting through right subthalamic nucleus (STN). We assessed role STN, via countermanding reaching task, 10 Parkinson's patients receiving high-frequency electrical stimulation STN both...

Whole-body movements represent an ecologically valid model for assessing the effect of emotional stimuli valence on approach/avoidance reactions as they entail a change physical distance between such and self. However, research in this field has provided inconsistent results task relevance content was not properly controlled, very often, it is impossible to dissociate arousal from that valence. To overcome these limitations, we studied facial expressions (anger happiness) forward gait...

Cognitive functions like motor planning rely on the concerted activity of multiple neuronal assemblies underlying still elusive computational strategies. During reaching tasks, we observed stereotyped sudden transitions (STs) between low and high multiunit monkey dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) predicting forthcoming actions a single-trial basis. Occurrence STs was even when movement delayed or successfully canceled after stop signal, excluding mere substrate execution. An attractor model...

In humans, the ability to withhold manual motor responses seems rely on a right-lateralized frontal-basal ganglia-thalamic network, including pre-supplementary area and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). These areas should drive subthalamic nuclei implement movement inhibition via hyperdirect pathway. The output of this network is expected influence those cortical underlying limb preparation initiation, i.e., premotor (PMA) primary (M1) cortices. Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have shown...

Abstract Background It is well known that a deficit in inhibitory control hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, inhibition not unitary construct, and it unclear whether patients the early stage (Hoehn Yahr 1) exhibit outright stopping (reactive inhibition), ability to shape their response strategies according context (proactive or both. Objective We assessed PD at Hoehn 1 show global selective impairment control. As has been suggested relies upon right‐lateralized pathway, we tested...

The ability to generate appropriate responses, especially in social contexts, requires integrating emotional information with ongoing cognitive processes. In particular, inhibitory control plays a crucial role interactions, preventing the execution of impulsive and inappropriate actions. this study, we focused on impact facial expressions inhibition. Research field has provided highly mixed results. our view, factor explaining such inconsistencies is task-relevance content stimuli. To...

A classical theoretical frame to interpret motor reactions emotional stimuli is that such stimuli, particularly those threat-related, are processed preferentially, i.e., they capable of capturing and grabbing attention automatically. Research has recently challenged this view, showing the task relevance crucial having a reliable behavioral effect. Such evidence indicated facial expressions do not automatically influence responses in healthy young adults, but so only when intrinsically...

Introduction The widespread use of surgical masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges in interpreting facial emotions. As mouth is known to play a crucial role decoding emotional expressions, its covering likely affect this process. Recent evidence suggests that expressions impact behavioral responses only when their content relevant subjects’ goals. Thus, study investigates whether and how masked faces alter such phenomenon. Methods Forty participants completed two reaching...

Recent research shows that emotional facial expressions impact behavioral responses only when their valence is relevant to the task. Under such conditions, threatening faces delay attentional disengagement, resulting in slower reaction times and increased omission errors compared happy faces. To investigate neural underpinnings of this phenomenon, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging record brain activity 23 healthy participants while they completed two versions go/no-go In emotion...

Most medical treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at the reduction motor symptoms. However, even when improvements evident, patients often report a deterioration their daily lives. Thus, to achieve global improvement in personal well-being, not only drugs, but also complementary therapies, such as physical exercise, occupational and speech therapy, active music have been used. We hypothesized that theater could reduce clinical disability improve quality life PD (primary end...

The ability of rapidly adapting our motor behaviour in order to face the unpredictable changes surrounding environment is fundamental for survival. To achieve such a high level efficiency system has assess continuously context which it acts, gathering all available information that can be relevant planning goal-oriented movements. One still-debated aspect movement organization nature and timing planning. While plans are often taken concerned with setting kinematic parameters as function...

A fundamental function of the motor system is to gather key information from environment in order implement behavioral strategies appropriate context. Although several lines evidence indicate that Parkinson's disease affects ability modify behavior according task requirements, it currently unknown whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) subthalamic nucleus (STN) context-related planning. To explore this issue, we asked 12 patients with bilateral STN DBS and 13 healthy subjects execute similar...

Even though a growing body of research has shown that the processing action language affects planning and execution motor acts, several aspects this interaction are still hotly debated. The directionality (i.e. does understanding action-related induce facilitation or an interference with corresponding action?), time course, nature under what conditions phenomenon occur?) largely unclear. To further explore topic we exploited go/no-go paradigm in which healthy participants were required to...

ABSTRACT Background : Impaired inhibitory control is thought to be a core deficit in psychiatric disorders where patients exhibit problems with controlling urges. These include the urge perform movements typical of Tourette syndrome and execute compulsive actions obsessive‐compulsive disorder. However, picture emerging from studies that address this issue controversial. Furthermore, most have only focused on reactive (the ability subjects react stop signal), but not proactive shape their...

Modern theories of behavioral control converge with the idea that goal-directed/voluntary behaviors are intimately tied to evaluation resources. Of key relevance in decision-making processes underlie action selection those stimuli bear emotional content. However, even though it is acknowledged information affects control, exact way which emotions impact on planning largely unknown. To clarify this issue, I gave an version a go/no-go task healthy participants, they had perform same arm...

Facial emotional expressions are a salient source of information for nonverbal social interactions. However, their impact on action planning and execution is highly controversial. In this vein, the effect two threatening facial expressions, i.e., angry fearful faces, still unclear. Frequently, fear anger used interchangeably as negative emotions. they convey different signals. Unlike fear, indicates direct threat toward observer. To provide new evidence issue, we exploited novel design based...

Recent research indicates that emotional faces affect motor control only when task-relevant. However, these studies utilized a single-face presentation, which does not accurately mirror real-life situations wherein we frequently engage with multiple individuals simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, gave 40 participants two versions of novel Flanker-Go/No-go task, where presented three-face stimuli central target and task-irrelevant flankers could be congruent or incongruent the for...

Abstract It is well known that theta rhythms (3–8 Hz) are the fingerprint of hippocampus, and neural activity accompanying encoding words differs according to whether items later remembered or forgotten [“subsequent memory effect” (SME)]. Here, we tested hypothesis temporal synchronization among amygdala, neocortex related immediate memorization repeated words. To address this issue, intracerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) was recorded in five subjects with drug‐resistant lobe epilepsy...