A5001313270- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Geological formations and processes
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Marine and environmental studies
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Marine and fisheries research
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
University of Cambridge
2015-2024
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
2005-2023
Imperial College London
1968-2022
Geological Society of London
2022
Australian National University
2021
Bridge University
2007-2015
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
2002-2003
National Oceanography Centre
1997-2000
University of Bremen
1997
University of Edinburgh
1997
We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, prevent stabilization of climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on "Hothouse Earth" pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing would lead to much higher global average than any interglacial in past 1.2 million years sea levels significantly time Holocene. examine evidence such might exist where it be. If is resulting trajectory...
Abstract The Antarctic climate system varies on timescales from orbital, through millennial to sub-annual, and is closely coupled other parts of the global system. We review these variations perspective geological glaciological records recent historical period which we have instrumental data (∼the last 50 years). consider their consequences for biosphere, show how latest numerical models project changes into future, taking account human actions in form release greenhouse gases...
ABSTRACT We present an update of the ‘key points’ from Antarctic Climate Change and Environment (ACCE) report that was published by Scientific Committee on Research (SCAR) in 2009. summarise subsequent advances knowledge concerning how climates Southern Ocean have changed past, they might change future, examine associated impacts marine terrestrial biota. also incorporate relevant material presented SCAR to Treaty Consultative Meetings, make use emerging results will form part...
This paper reviews developments in our understanding of the state Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate its relation to global system over last few millennia. Climate this earlier periods has not been stable, as evidenced by occurrence abrupt changes atmospheric circulation temperature recorded ice core proxies for past climate. Two most prominent change events are characterized intensification circumpolar westerlies (also known Annular Mode) between ∼6000 5000 years ago since 1200–1000 ago....
We assess the scale and extent of physical technosphere, defined here as summed material output contemporary human enterprise. It includes active urban, agricultural marine components, used to sustain energy flow for current life, a growing residue layer, currently only in small part recycled back into component. Preliminary estimates suggest technosphere mass approximately 30 trillion tonnes (Tt), which helps support biomass that, despite recent growth, is ~5 orders magnitude smaller. The...
Abstract Stratigraphy provides insights into the evolution and dynamics of Earth System over its long history. With recent developments in science, changes can now be observed directly projected near future. An integration two approaches powerful nature significance contemporary to Earth. From both perspectives, has been pushed out Holocene Epoch by human activities, with mid‐20th century a strong candidate for start date Anthropocene, proposed new epoch Here we explore contrasting scenarios...
Abstract Growth in fundamental drivers—energy use, economic productivity and population—can provide quantitative indications of the proposed boundary between Holocene Epoch Anthropocene. Human energy expenditure Anthropocene, ~22 zetajoules (ZJ), exceeds that across prior 11,700 years (~14.6 ZJ), largely through combustion fossil fuels. The global warming effect during Anthropocene is more than an order magnitude greater still. Global human population, their consumption, most changes...
Abstract The term Anthropocene initially emerged from the Earth System science community in early 2000s, denoting a concept that Holocene Epoch has terminated as consequence of human activities. First associated with onset Industrial Revolution, it was then more closely linked Great Acceleration industrialization and globalization 1950s fundamentally modified physical, chemical, biological signals geological archives. Since 2009, been evaluated by Working Group, tasked examining for...
Changing environments and resource demands present challenges to Antarctic conservation.
Research Article| May 01, 1975 Quaternary Sedimentation on the Amazon Continental Margin: A Model JOHN D. MILLIMAN; MILLIMAN 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar COLIN P. SUMMERHAYES; SUMMERHAYES HENYO T. BARRETTO 2Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil GSA Bulletin (1975) 86 (5): 610–614. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<610:QSOTAC>2.0.CO;2 Article history first...
AbstractMany scientists are making the case that humanity is living in a new geological epoch, Anthropocene, but there no agreement yet as to when this epoch began. The start might be defined by historical event, such beginning of fossil-fueled Industrial Revolution or first nuclear explosion 1945. Standard stratigraphic practice, however, requires more significant, globally widespread, and abrupt signature, fallout from weapons testing appears most suitable. appearance plutonium 239 (used...
A range of published arguments against formalizing the Anthropocene as a geological time unit have variously suggested that it is misleading term non-stratigraphic origin and usage, based on insignificant temporal material stratigraphic content unlike used to define older units, focused observation human history or speculation about future rather than geologically significant events, driven more by politics science.In response, we contend functional has firm grounding in well-characterized...
Martin J. Head, Will Steffen, David Fagerlind, Colin N. Waters, Clement Poirier, Jaia Syvitski, Jan A. Zalasiewicz, Anthony D. Barnosky, Alejandro Cearreta, Catherine Jeandel, Reinhold Leinfelder, J.R. McNeill, Neil L. Rose, Summerhayes, Michael Wagreich, Jens Zinke. Episodes 2022;45:359-76. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021031
Event stratigraphy is used to help characterise the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic concept, based on analogous deep-time events, for which we provide novel categorization. Events in are distinct from extensive, time-transgressive 'episodes' – such global, highly diachronous record of anthropogenic change, termed here an Anthropogenic Modification Episode (AME). Nested within AME many geologically correlatable most notable being those Great Acceleration Array (GAEA). This isochronous...
ABSTRACT The extensive array of mid‐20 th century stratigraphic event signals associated with the ‘Great Acceleration’ enables precise and unambiguous recognition Anthropocene as an epoch/series within Geological Time Scale. A inception is consistent Earth System science analysis in which term concept arose, would reflect reality that our planet has sharply exited range natural variability characterizing Holocene Epoch/Series, therefore terminate. An alternative, recently proposed...