The limited success of cancer immunotherapy has posed challenges in treating patients with cancer. However, promising strides could be made a deeper understanding the factors that cause T cell dysfunction within tumor microenvironment and by developing effective strategies to counteract tumor-induced immune suppression. Here, we report tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) can induce senescence suppression cells. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), key component tEVs, induced DNA damage...

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major flavonoid component of green tea that displays antiapoptotic effects in numerous models neurotoxicity. Although the intrinsic free radical scavenging activity EGCG likely contributes to its effect, other modes action have also been suggested. We systematically analyzed primary cultures rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). The dose-dependent protective were determined after coincubation with eight different stimuli each induced neuronal apoptosis...

Purpose: The WEE1 tyrosine kinase regulates G2-M transition and maintains genomic stability, particularly in p53-deficient tumors which require DNA repair after genotoxic therapy. Thus, a need arises to exploit the role of inhibition head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) mostly driven by tumor-suppressor loss. This completed phase I clinical trial represents first published experience using inhibitor, AZD1775, with cisplatin docetaxel.Patients Methods: We implemented an open-label 3+3...

Importance Given the favorable overall prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and morbidity increased adjuvant therapy associated with positive surgical margins, large-scale studies on accuracy frozen sections in predicting final margin status HPV-related OPSCC are imperative. Final is definitive assessment tumor clearance as determined through surgeon-pathologist collaboration based permanent analysis section main specimens,...

Human papillomavirus-related (HPV-related) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have an excellent response rate to platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. Genomic differences between primary HPV-related OPSCCs that do or not recur are unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear if share a genomic landscape with HPV-negative head and neck cancers (HNCs).We utilized whole exome sequencing analyze somatic nucleotide (SNVs) copy number variants (CNVs) among unique set of 51 OPSCCs, including 35 did...

Abstract Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives the development of some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). This disease is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide. Although these tumors are sensitive to treatment, approximately 10% patients fail therapy. However, mechanisms that underlie treatment failure remain unclear. Experimental Design: We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on tissues from matched primary- (pHNSCC) metachronous-recurrent cancers (rHNSCC)...

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate face and content validity a low‐cost, low‐technology, non‐biologic endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) task trainer knowledge‐based curriculum followed by construct validation the trainer. Methods A were developed. Attending otolaryngologists surveyed regarding utility curriculum. cross‐sectional performed including medical students, residents, attending otolaryngologists. Nine tasks on graded using global rating scale (GRS). Predictors...

We present a fully automatic method for segmenting orbital structures (globes, optic nerves, and extraocular muscles) in CT images. Prior anatomical knowledge, such as shape, intensity, spatial relationships of organs landmarks, were utilized to define volume interest (VOI) that contains the desired structures. Then, VOI was used fast localization successful segmentation each structure using predefined rules. Testing our with 30 publicly available datasets, average Dice similarity...

Objectives Describe instrument motion during live endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) and evaluate kinematics within anatomic regions. Design Case series. Setting Tertiary academic center. Participants A single surgeon performed six anterior approaches to the pituitary. Main Outcomes Measures Time-stamped coordinates were recorded using an optical tracking system. Kinematics (i.e., mean cumulative travel, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity) was calculated by region including nasal...

Abstract Objective To compare long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) and transcervical approach (TCA) thyroidectomy. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Methods A web‐based survey was distributed to patients at our institution who met the criteria for TOETVA underwent thyroidectomy by or TCA between August 2017 October 2021. All participants were least 6 months postsurgery....

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate region-specific surgical instrument kinematics among novice and experienced surgeons performing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. Design Cadaveric experimental study. Setting Tertiary academic center. Participants Two two performed eight total ethmoidectomies sphenoidotomies using an optically tracked microdebrider. Main Outcome Measures Time-stamped Euclidian coordinates were recorded. Cumulative travel, mean linear velocity...

Background Surgical skill development outside the operating room aims to improve technique and subsequent patient safety. The purpose of this study was evaluate correlation between technical cognitive skills with cadaveric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) performance change in ESS before after implementation a dedicated simulation‐based knowledge‐based curriculum. Methods A before‐after design implemented among 10 medical students junior otolaryngology residents. Participants completed...

Background Most existing objective surgical motion analysis schemes are limited to structured tasks or recognition of patterns for certain categories surgeries. Analyzing instrument data with respect anatomical structures can break the limit, and an region segmentation algorithm is required analysis. Methods An atlas was generated by manually segmenting skull base into nine regions, including left/right anterior/posterior ethmoid sinuses, frontal sinus, left right maxillary nasal airway,...

Objectives/Hypothesis The role of elective neck dissection (END) in patients with clinically N0 (cN0), high‐grade parotid carcinoma is unclear. objective this study was to assess the association between END and survival cN0, carcinoma. Study Design Retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Methods A review hospital‐based cases from National Cancer Data Base performed. Participants included diagnosed cancer January 1, 2004 December 31, 2013. primary exposure receipt dissection. Secondary...

Segmental mandibulectomy for tumors that distort the buccal surface of mandible present a reconstructive challenge.To determine whether alignment after navigation-guided reconstruction is better than non-template-assisted freehand and as good template-assisted in cadaveric trial.A trial using 10 specimens was conducted at tertiary academic center. Fiducials were created on ramus to compare with each intervention. performed cadaver. Each cadaver underwent reconstruction, manually shaped...

Objective: To develop a method to measure intraoperative surgical instrument motion. This model will be applicable the study of kinematics including training, skill verification, and development warning systems that detect aberrant motion may result in patient injury. Design: We developed an algorithm automate derivation endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery model. Surgical was recorded during cadaveric transnasal approach pituitary using navigation system modified record time-stamped...

Metabolic features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) antagonize antitumor immunity. We hypothesized that T cell–infiltrated (Thi) tumors with a known antigen should exhibit superior clinical outcomes, though some fare worse given unfavorable metabolic leveraging (Thi), human papillomavirus–related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC) to test this hypothesis. Expression 2,520 genes was analyzed among Thi HPV+ HNSCs stratified by high-risk molecular subtype. RNA sequencing...

Background: Recent reports indicate a need for alternative metrics assessing operative performance.1 Primary outcome measures generally include morbidity and mortality detrimentally affecting willingness to care high-risk patients. These represent the cumulative sum of variables influencing patient outcomes. To specifically address variable surgical performance, investigators are objective performance.

Cancers of the oral cavity are common worldwide, with incidence rates and trends varying significantly between different regions. Globally, approximately 378,000 cases were diagnosed 178,000 deaths in 2020.1 In United States, estimated annual squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is reported to have decreased from 3.78 per 100,000 2001 3.54 2017.2 Historically, pharynx cancer declined U.S. 1995 2004, an percent change -1.5%.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6

Surgery and/or platinum-based chemoradiation remain standard of care for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While these therapies are effective in a subset patients, substantial proportion experience recurrence or treatment resistance. As cisplatin mediates cytotoxicity through oxidative stress while polyamines play role redox regulation, we posited that combining polyamine transport inhibitor, AMXT-1501, would increase tumor death HNSCC cells. Cell proliferation...