Rumen methanogens are major sources of anthropogenic methane emissions, and these archaea targets in strategies aimed at reducing emissions. Here we show that the poorly characterised Thermoplasmata bovine rumen methylotrophic they reduced upon dietary supplementation with rapeseed oil lactating cows. In a metatranscriptomic survey, 16S rRNA methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcr) transcripts decreased concomitantly mRNAs enzymes involved methanogenesis from methylamines were among most abundant...

Cattle and other ruminants produce large quantities of methane (~110 million metric tonnes per annum), which is a potent greenhouse gas affecting global climate change. Methane (CH4) natural by-product gastro-enteric microbial fermentation feedstuffs in the rumen contributes to 6% total CH4 emissions from anthropogenic-related sources. The extent host genome microbiome influence emission not yet well known. This study confirms individual variation production was influenced by (cow) genotype,...

Antibiotics are frequently administered orally to treat bacterial infections not necessarily related the gastrointestinal system. This has adverse effects on commensal gut microbial community, as it disrupts intricate balance between specific groups within this ecosystem, potentially leading dysbiosis. We hypothesized that modulation of community composition and function induced by antibiotics affects intestinal integrity depending antibiotic administered. To address a total 60 Wistar rats...

In this study, productivity and physicochemical microbiological (454 sequencing) parameters, as well environmental criteria, were investigated in anaerobic reactors to contribute the ongoing debate about optimal temperature range for treating animal manure, expand general knowledge on relation between process indicators. For purpose, two reactor sizes used (10 m(3) 16 l), which conditions (35°C 50°C) tested. addition, effect of hydraulic retention time was evaluated (16 versus 20 days)....

ABSTRACT Dietary doses of 2,500 ppm ZnO-Zn reduced bacterial activity (ATP accumulation) in digesta from the gastrointestinal tracts newly weaned piglets compared to that animals receiving 100 ZnO-Zn. The amounts lactic acid bacteria (MRS counts) and lactobacilli (Rogosa were reduced, whereas coliforms (MacConkey enterococci (Slanetz counts, red colonies) more numerous high ZnO dose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, colonies MRS dominated by three phylotypes, tentatively identified as...

To investigate the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented cereal grains, their effect on gastrointestinal ecology growth performance, 120 piglets from 40 litters were used housed in pens with 5 animals each. The 3 dietary treatments (all nonheated nonpelleted diets) were: a meal diet (DRY); fermented, grain (FLG); (FLF). FLG was prepared by storing cereals (barley wheat) water (1:2.5, wt/wt) closed tank at 20 degrees C adding remaining...

Nitrate may lower methane production in ruminants by competing with methanogenesis for available hydrogen the rumen. This study evaluated effect of 4 levels dietary nitrate addition on enteric production, emission, feed intake, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and blood methemoglobin. In a 4×4 Latin square design lactating Danish Holstein dairy cows fitted rumen, duodenal, ileal cannulas were assigned to calcium ammonium levels: control, low, medium,...

Ruminant livestock is a major source of the potent greenhouse gas methane. The complex rumen microbiome, consisting bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes, facilitates anaerobic plant biomass degradation in cow rumen, leading to methane emissions. Using an integrated approach combining multidomain quantitative metatranscriptomics with volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiling, we aimed at obtaining most comprehensive picture active microbiome during feed date. Bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic...

The effect of feeding a coarsely ground meal (COARSE) and finely pelleted diet with 1.8% (as-fed basis) added formic acid (ACID) was compared standard (STD) on the gastrointestinal ecology growing pigs at different intervals after feeding. One hundred five castrated male growing-finishing (initial BW 27 kg) were used. At 63 kg, 60 killed 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5 h feeding, samples from tract (GIT) obtained. remaining 45 kept experimental diets to 99 kg. Feeding three resulted in similar...

Abstract Denitrification in soil microenvironments is difficult to study by conventional techniques. By use of O 2 and N microsensors, it was possible the spatial distribution oxygen respiration denitrification aggregates kept at field capacity. Aggregates with diameters 20 25 mm often contained anaerobic centers but exhibited only low rates due a limiting availability electron donors. Addition organic matter such as clover leaves or tryptone surface greatly stimulated respiratory activity...

Acidification with concentrated H(2)SO(4) is a novel strategy to reduce NH(3) emissions from livestock slurry. It was recently found that also CH(4) acidified slurry are reduced. This study investigated the microbiological basis and temporal stability of these effects.Pig two farms, by different techniques or untreated, stored for 83 days in pilot-scale facility. Methanogens were characterized before after storage T-RFLP qPCR targeting mcrA. Emissions during quantified. Acidified pH nearly...

Strain SK9K4(T), which is a strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, Gram-stain-positive, saccharolytic coccobacillus, was isolated from pig faeces. SK9K4(T) metabolized indol-3-acetic acid to 3-methylindole (skatole), the main contributor boar taint; it also produced 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that isolate represented new lineage within genus Olsenella of family Atopobiaceae . most closely...

Identifying factors that influence the composition of microbial population in digestive system dairy cattle will be key regulating these populations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we analyzed rumen and fecal samples from five high residual feed intake (RFI) Holstein cows, low RFI Jersey cows fed either a high-concentrate diet (expected methane emission) or high-forage diet. Bacterial communities both feces were profiled using Illumina sequencing on 16S rRNA gene. Rumen...

ABSTRACT The root-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 was used to construct an oxygen-responsive biosensor. An anaerobically inducible promoter of aeruginosa , which depends on the FNR (fumarate and nitrate reductase regulation)-like transcriptional regulator ANR (anaerobic regulation arginine deiminase pathways), fused structural lacZ gene Escherichia coli . By inserting reporter fusion into chromosomal att Tn 7 site P. by using a mini-Tn transposon, strain, CHA900, obtained....

1. The aim was to investigate the effect of grain type (barley or rye) and exogenous enzymes (β-glucanase xylanase) on composition chicken caecal microbiota as examined by classical culturing molecular techniques (fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) terminal-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP)). 2. Plate counting revealed higher total numbers anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria yeasts in contents birds fed with rye-based diets than barley-based diets. 3. As assessed...

The effect of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) or salinomycin (SAL) both additives on performance, small intestinal morphology and microbial ecology broiler chickens was studied. A growth trial conducted with 96 Ross 308 female broilers from 1 to 30 days age. Four treatment groups were fed a non-supplemented control diet three experimental diets supplemented i) 300 mg SB (Adimix coated) per kg, ii) 60 SAL (Sacox) kg iii) in combination. Feed intake body-weight gain decreased gain-to-feed ratio...

Due to antimicrobial properties, nisin is one of the most commonly used and investigated bacteriocins for food preservation. Surprisingly, has had limited use in animal feed as well there are only few reports on its influence microbial ecology gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The present study therefore aimed at investigating effects dietary broiler chicken GIT performance comparison salinomycin, widely ionophore coccidiostat. In total, 720 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly...

Fat in the form of cracked rapeseed and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP, market as Bovaer) were fed alone or combination to 4 Danish Holstein multicannulated dairy cows, with objective investigate effects on gas exchange, dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestion, metabolism. The study design was a × Latin square 2 factorial treatment arrangement levels fat supplementation; 33 g crude per kg (DM) 64 DM for low high diets, respectively, 3-NOP; 0 mg/kg 80 DM. In total, diets formulated: (LF),...