Abstract The development of distribution networks is facing new challenges due to the increasing penetration distributed energy resources and electric vehicles. Power quality issues, such as voltage imbalance harmonic distortion, are significant barriers efficient operation networks. This paper presents an approach enhance power in by employing self-adaptive Vector Proportion Integrators (VPI) controlled Grid-Forming Battery Energy Storage System (GFM-BESS). control strategy capability a...

A moisture detection of single rice grains using a slim and small open-ended coaxial probe is presented. The suitable for the nondestructive measurement values in ranging from 9.5% to 26%. Empirical polynomial models are developed predict gravimetric content based on measured reflection coefficients vector network analyzer. relationship between coefficient relative permittivity were also created regression method expressed model, whose model obtained by fitting data Finite Element-based...

A handheld microwave reflectometer-sensor system is developed to operate from 1.35 1.95 GHz and used measure volumetric gravimetric moisture content in various types of soils 0% 45%. small monopole driver coaxial line buried into the soil, its reflected voltage measured correlated with corresponding soil obtained oven dying method. The dependent on nonlinear change dielectric properties content.

Endothelial cell injury and activation in the placenta are features of placental vascular disease (PVD). While advances PVD have been made, pathogenesis this is still unknown. The objective study was to pursue potential risk factors signal transcription pathways involved pathogenesis. Gene expression subjects with normal pregnancies compared using a two-channel microarray technique. Higher HSPA6 HSPA1A exhibited subjects. both encode HSP70, and, therefore, we localized HSP70 tissue. Using...

By balancing energy transfer and thermal effects, we demonstrate efficient erbium-doped yttrium gallium garnet (Er:YGG) crystal lasers at a wavelength of 2.82-2.92 μm for the first time, to best our knowledge. Associated with influence doping concentration on Er3+ was optimized be 10 at.%, crystal, maximum continuous-wave output power 1.38 W, corresponding slope efficiency 35.4% approaching theoretical quantum limits. The effects during laser process were discussed. We believe that this work...

Sharp increase in water consumption and pollutant emissions makes shortage of clean the main problem hindering regional agricultural development. Two-dimensional trading (2DWT) can unify quantity quality to relieve crisis watersheds. This study developed a hybrid "three waters"-government participation based two-dimensional model group (TWG-2DWTMs) support 2DWT planning under various complexities. The linkage among resources, ecology (i.e., waters") as well government are considered....

Artificial noise (AN) is considered as a new physical layer technology to improve the security of wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate secure transmission AN-aided generalized spatial modulation (GSM), which maintains same hardware requirements at transmitter conventional GSM. order further jamming intensity AN scheme, propose an Euclidean distance optimized (ED-AN) scheme by minimizing between transmit signal and signal, also avoids power waste scheme. The secrecy capacities both...

In this letter, power allocation (PA) algorithms based on the minimization of upper bound instantaneous bit error probability (BEP) are investigated in pre-coding-aided spatial modulation (PSM) systems. First, an BEP is derived when PA taken into account for antennas PSM system. Moreover, optimal solution matrix with aid convex optimization techniques, order to minimize obtained. Furthermore, a low-complexity suboptimal algorithm proposed, where only dominant part considered process....

In this article, we investigate the recently developed space time line code (STLC) scheme, which utilizes channel state information (CSI) for encoding at transmiter to achieve full spatial diversity gain. The theoretical analysis of bit error rate (BER) performance STLC is first evaluated. Moreover, aiming alleviating cost radio frequency (RF) chains, antenna selection both transmitter and receiver sides by minimizing derived instantaneous BER. Furthermore, in context a flat Rayleigh fading...

In order to solve the problems of machine translation efficiency and quality, this paper proposes a research method English evaluation system based on BP neural network algorithm. This provides users with more intelligent service experience. With help algorithm, taking online as object, Google's quality is best, an error frequency only 167, while Baidu iFLYTEK in China have high rate 266 301 respectively, which much higher than Google translation. A model algorithm proposed better...

Pre-coding aided spatial modulation (PSM) constitutes a flexible closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme, which attracts substantial research interest recently. In this paper, an upper bound of the average bit error probability (ABEP) for PSM system based on minimum mean square (MMSE) pre-coding is investigated. addition, theoretical analysis given assumption that numbers transmit and receive antennas are large but their ratio θ constrained. Furthermore, shows ABEP...

In this letter, the idea of transmit antenna selection is combined with offset spatial modulation (OSM) technique. Specifically, two novel schemes, termed as based on grouped Euclidean distance (AS-GED) and channel coefficient (AS-CC), are developed toward a flexible tradeoff between system performance computational complexity. Simulation results show that proposed schemes achieve significant improvement compared to traditional OSM systems.

With the rapid development of wireless communications, signals may be transmitted in different media, such as visible light and millimeter-wave along communication path. In this case, there will devices working which cannot directly communicate to each other. For alleviating problem, we first conceive a cross-media scenario where two for media could with aid relay both media. Furthermore, derive average outage probability uplink downlink communications. Finally, aiming at minimizing derived...