A5038577769- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Silicon Effects in Agriculture
- Plant and animal studies
- Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
University of York
2015-2025
University of Sheffield
2002-2025
Novel (United States)
2025
Stockholm Environment Institute
2019
University of Sussex
2006-2015
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2012
James Hutton Institute
2011
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
2008
University of Manchester
1998-2007
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
1993-2005
Abstract This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There little evidence any CO 2 or UVB. Direct impacts precipitation have been largely neglected in current research change. affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical will tend to be less affected. The main effect temperature temperate regions influence winter survival;...
We present a Protein Competition Model (PCM) for predicting total phenolic allocation and concentration in leaves of terrestrial higher plants. In contrast to predictions based on the carbon composition end products, PCM is metabolic origins pathway constituents, alternative fates precursors, biochemical regulatory mechanisms. synthesis compete common, limiting resource phenylalanine, so protein are inversely correlated. Phenolic can be predicted from effects development, inherent growth...
1. Silica in the leaves of grasses can act as a defence against both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. The mechanisms by which silica affects herbivore performance are not well characterized. Here we expose an insect Spodoptera exempta to high-silica diets test two has been proposed defence. First, that reduces digestibility second, causes wear mandibles, could potentially impact on performance. 2. reduced efficiency with S. converted ingested food body mass amount nitrogen absorbed...
• The elemental analysis of plant material is a frequently employed tool across biological disciplines, yet accurate, convenient and economical methods for the determination some important elements are currently lacking. For instance, digestion-based techniques often hazardous time-consuming and, particularly in case silicon (Si), can suffer from low accuracy due to incomplete solubilization potential volatilization, whilst other may require large, expensive specialised equipment. Here, we...
The need for policy makers to understand science and scientists processes is widely recognised. However, the science-policy relationship sometimes difficult occasionally dysfunctional; it also increasingly visible, because must deal with contentious issues, or itself becomes a matter of public controversy, both. We suggest that identifying key unanswered questions on between will catalyse focus research in this field. To identify these questions, collaborative procedure was employed 52...
Land-based enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a biogeochemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy aiming to accelerate natural geological processes of sequestration through application crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt, croplands and forested landscapes. However, the efficacy approach when undertaken with its potential co-benefits for agriculture, require experimental field evaluation. Here we report that amending UK clay-loam agricultural soil high loading (10 kg/m2 ) relatively...
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from large-scale replicated EW field trial across typical maize-soybean rotation an experimental farm in the heart United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). show average combined loss major cations (Ca 2+ and Mg ) basalt...
Summary Silica, deposited as opaline phytoliths in the leaves of grasses, constitutes 2–5% dry leaf mass, yet its function remains unclear. It has been proposed that silica may act an antiherbivore defence by increasing abrasiveness and reducing digestibility grass leaves, although there is little direct experimental evidence to support this. We investigated effects manipulated levels on five species. also examined feeding preferences, growth performance digestion efficiency two folivorous...
In model terrestrial ecosystems maintained for three plant generations at elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increases in photosynthetically fixed were allocated below ground, raising dissolved organic soil. These effects then transmitted up the decomposer food chain. Soil microbial biomass was unaffected, but composition soil fungal species changed, with rates cellulose decomposition. There also changes abundance and Collembola, fungal-feeding arthropods. results have...
The impact of plant-based factors on the population dynamics mammalian herbivores has been subject much debate in ecology, but role antiherbivore defences grasses received relatively little attention. Silica proposed as primary defence and is thought to lead increased abrasiveness foliage so deterring feeding, well reducing digestibility herbivore performance. However, at present there direct experimental evidence support these ideas. In this study, we tested effects manipulating silica...
1 The resource availability hypothesis (RAH) predicts that allocation of resources to anti-herbivore defences differs between species according their growth rate. We tested this by assessing the and defence investment strategies 18 grass comparing them against vole feeding preferences. In addition, we assessed effectiveness silica, primary in many grasses, influencing behaviour. 2 Across species, found there was a strong negative relationship overall rate, thus supporting predictions RAH....
Summary Silicon as a defence against herbivory in grasses has gained increasing recognition and now been studied wide range of species, at scales from individual plants pots to plant communities the field. The impacts these defences have assessed on herbivores ranging insects rodents ungulates. Here, we review current knowledge silicon mediation plant–herbivore interactions an ecological context. production by is affected both abiotic biotic factors their interactions. Climate, soil type...
Understanding interactions between grasses and their herbivores is central to the conservation of species-rich grasslands protection our most important crops against pests. Grasses employ a range defenses natural enemies; silicon-based have been shown be one effective. Silicon (Si) laid down on leaf surface as spines other sharp bodies, known phytoliths, making abrasive foliage indigestible herbivores. Previous studies Si found that closely related species may similar levels in leaves but...
1. A substantial amount of research on host-plant selection by insect herbivores is focused around the preference–performance hypothesis (PPH). To date, majority studies have primarily considered insects with aboveground life cycles, overlooking that both and belowground stages, for which PPH could be equally applicable. 2. This study investigated factors influencing performance root-feeding vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) larvae whether this was linked to oviposition behaviour maternal...