A5091439280- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Digital Holography and Microscopy
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
ITER
2015-2024
Culham Science Centre
1993-2024
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
1989-2024
Fusion for Energy
2016
KU Leuven
2016
Parthenope University of Naples
2016
Ingegneria dei Trasporti (Italy)
2016
University of Naples Federico II
2016
Clínica Diagonal
2016
University of California, Los Angeles
2013
Abstract The calorimetric system of ITER is designed to measure the time-integrated fusion power output tokamak by analyzing thermal flows and calculating energy balance. While too slow for real-time control, its high accuracy essential cross-calibrating fast neutron sensors. Implementing this in challenging due machine's complexity, but reactor core’s enclosure within cryostat offers significant opportunity increase compared existing tokamaks.
This paper assesses ITER's entire error...
Abstract A phase-modulated dispersion interferometer combined with a polarimeter is currently being designed in ITER. This diagnostic, called DIP (Density Interferometer Polarimeter), aims at performing reliable line-averaged electron density ( n e ) measurements time resolution of 1 ms and an accuracy 10% during ramp up/down phases, 2% flat-top, serving as complementary system for ITER's main the TIP (Toroidal Interferometer/Polarimeter). based on CO 2 laser λ = 9.6 μm). It inherently...
ITER magnetic diagnostics are now in their detailed design and R&D phase. They have passed conceptual reviews a working diagnostic specification has been prepared aimed at the project requirements. This paper highlights specific progress, particular, for in-vessel coils, steady state sensors, saddle loops divertor sensors. Key changes measurement specifications, concept of software electronics also outlined.
ITER will be the first magnetic confinement device with burning DT plasma and fusion power of about 0.5 GW. Parameters have been predicted using methodologies summarized in Physics Basis (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2175). During past few years, new results obtained that substantiate confidence achieving Q ⩾ 10 inductive H-mode operation. These include achievement a good near Greenwald density at high triangularity cross section; improvements theory-based projections for core plasma, even though...
Reflectometry with wavelengths in the centimetre to millimetre-wave range will be used ITER measure density profile main plasma and divertor regions position shape order provide a reference for magnetic diagnostics long pulses. In addition, it is expected key information measurement of fluctuations. A set reflectometers meet relevant requirements has been included its present outline as part design since 2001 being adapted baseline accommodate progress reflectometry techniques capabilities....
In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor under construction in southern France, there will be a need for continuous measuring of erosion at wall, after reactor starts operating. A two-wavelength interferometric technique based on digital holography is proposed measurement. This has ability to tackle challenging environmental conditions within by long-distance measurement, where relay optic used imaging investigated surface detector. We show that shape measurements objects...
The measurement requirements and expected performance of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) magnetics system are summarized. constraints a burning plasma experiment (BPX) on tokamak magnetic diagnostic designs listed illustrated using parameters design sensors being developed for ITER device. Design principles to meet discussed, with an emphasis radiation effects, reliability, redundancy subsystems. remaining research development is outlined.
The change in thermal transport across the L to H transition is studied detail for those JET high performance H-modes which have a very fast transition. It found that these pulses changes rapidly (<4 msecs) over large radial region 0.5< rho <1, and barrier formed. reasons formation of this are discussed.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor will have wide angle viewing systems and a divertor thermography diagnostic, which shall provide infrared coverage of the large parts first wall surfaces with spatial temporal resolution adequate for operational purposes higher resolved details other areas physics investigations. We propose specifications each system such that they jointly respond to requirements. Risk analysis driven priorities future work concern mirror degradation,...
Thomson scattering (TS) is a proven diagnostic technique that will be implemented in ITER three independent systems. The Edge TS measure electron temperature Te and density ne profiles at high resolution the region with r/a>0.8 (with minor radius). Core cover r/a<0.85 shall able to temperatures up 40 keV . Divertor observe segment of divertor plasma more than 700 mm long designed detect as low 0.3 eV systems are primary contributors profiles. Both installed equatorial port 10 very close...
The physics feasibility study [H. Bindslev et al., ITER Report Contract No. EFDA 01.654, 2003, www.risoe.dk/euratom/CTS/ITER] concludes that the frequency option below electron cyclotron resonance was only system capable of meeting International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) measurement requirements for fusion alphas, with present or near term technology. This article presents design collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at 60 GHz range. is measuring fast ion distribution...
In ITER, mirrors will be used as plasma-viewing elements in all optical and laser diagnostics. the harsh environment, mirror performance degrade hampering operation of associated The most adverse effect on is caused by deposition impurities. It expected that challenging situation occur divertor. With envisaged changes to all-metal plasma-facing components (PFCs) an assessment existing divertor tokamak with PFCs urgently needed.
This paper presents the multiple set of requirements for ITER magnetic diagnostic systems and current status various R&D activities performed by EU partners.
A conceptual design of a reciprocating fast-ion loss detector for ITER has been developed and is presented here. Fast-ion orbit simulations in 3D magnetic equilibrium up-to-date first wall have carried out to revise the measurement requirements lost alpha monitor ITER. In agreement with recent observations, here suggest that pitch-angle resolution ∼5° might be necessary identify mechanisms. Synthetic measurements including realistic alpha-particle as well neutron gamma fluxes predict...
Performance of bismuth Hall sensors developed for the ITER steady state magnetic diagnostic was investigated high fields in range ±7 T. Response to field found be nonlinear particularly within ±1 Significant contribution planar effect output voltage causing undesirable cross sensitivity identified. It demonstrated that this can minimized by optimization sensor geometry and alignment with application "current-spinning technique."
The measurements of the magnetic field in tokamaks such as ITER and DEMO will be challenging due to long pulse duration, high neutron flux, elevated temperatures. duration plasma makes standard techniques, inductive coils, prone errors. At same time, hostile environment, with repairs possible only on blanket exchange, if at all, requires a robust sensor. This contribution presents final design novel, steady-state, sensors for ITER. A poloidal array 60 mounted vacuum vessel outer shell...
A dispersion interferometer is a reliable density measurement system and being designed as complementary diagnostic on ITER. The inherently insensitive to mechanical vibrations, combined polarimeter with the same line of sight can correct fringe jump errors. proof principle CO2 laser PEM was recently conducted, where phase shift polarization angle were successfully measured simultaneously. Standard deviations line-average measurements over 1 s are 9 × 1016 m−2 0.19°, respectively, time...