A5038457970- Respiratory viral infections research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
The Ohio State University
2018-2025
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
2024
Abstract N 6 -methyladenosine (m A) is the most prevalent internal modification of mRNAs in eukaryotes. Here we show that RNAs human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are modified by m A within discreet regions and these modifications enhance viral replication pathogenesis. Knockdown methyltransferases decreases RSV gene expression whereas knockdown demethylases has opposite effect. The G transcript contains modifications. Recombinant variants expressing transcripts lack particular clusters...
Significance Measles virus (MeV) vaccine is one of the safest and most efficient vaccines with a track record in children. Here, we generated panel rMeV-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S antigens inserted near 3′ MeV genome. The rMeV expressing soluble stabilized, prefusion spike (preS) much more potent triggering SARS-CoV-2–specific neutralizing antibody than full-length candidate. A single dose rMeV-preS sufficient to induce high levels SARS-CoV-2...
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of tract infections in humans. A well-known challenge development a live attenuated RSV vaccine that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are strongly suppressed by nonstructural proteins which, turn, dampens subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we discovered novel strategy to enhance innate and immunity infection. Specifically, found recombinant RSVs deficient viral RNA N 6 -methyladenosine (m A) grown m...
ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with increased rates of severe disease, hospitalization, and death in elderly individuals. Clearance RSV frequently delayed within this demographic, contributing to the more disease course. Geriatric cotton rats mimic prolonged clearance kinetic serve as a useful animal model for studying age-associated immunological deficits during infection. Treatment cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor ibuprofen restores clearance, indicating...
The impact of influenza virus infection is felt each year on a global scale when approximately 5–10% adults and 20–30% children globally are infected. While vaccination the primary strategy for prevention, there number likely scenarios which inadequate, making development effective antiviral agents utmost importance. Anti-influenza treatments with innovative mechanisms action critical in face emerging viral resistance to existing drugs. These new urgently needed address future epidemic (or...
Measles virus (MeV) infection can be severe in immunocompromised individuals and lead to complications, including measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE). In some cases, MeV persistence subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) occur even the face of an intact immune response. While they are relatively rare complications infection, MIBE SSPE lethal. This work addresses hypothesis that despite a dysregulated viral fusion complex, central nervous system (CNS)-adapted spread outside CNS...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to use CX3CR1 in vitro as a receptor on cultured primary human airway epithelial cultures. To evaluate the for RSV vivo, we used cotton rat animal model because of its high permissiveness infection. Sequencing gene revealed 91% amino acid similarity CX3CR1. Previous work found that binds via attachment glycoprotein (G protein) infect determine whether CX3CR1-G protein interaction is necessary infection, recombinant RSVs containing mutations...
The capacity of respiratory viruses to undergo evolution within the tract raises possibility under selective pressure host environment or drug treatment. Long-term infections in immunocompromised hosts are potential drivers viral and development infectious variants. We showed that intrahost chronic human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) infection individuals elicited mutations favored entry persistence, suggesting similar processes may operate across enveloped viruses. profiled longitudinal...
The lower respiratory tract infections affecting children worldwide are in large part caused by the parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), particularly HPIV3, along with human metapneumovirus and syncytial virus, enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses. There no vaccines for these important pathogens, existing treatments have limited or efficacy. Infection HPIV is initiated viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion between host cell membranes. A protein (F), once activated proximity to a target cell,...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common that can have varying effects ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to mortality depending on the age and immune status of individual. We combined mathematical modelling using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with measurement RSV infection kinetics in primary well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cultures vitro immunocompetent immunosuppressed cotton rats glean mechanistic details underlie lung. Quantitative analysis viral titre our...
Measles virus (MeV) infection remains a significant public health threat despite ongoing global efforts to increase vaccine coverage. As eradication of MeV stalls, and vulnerable populations expand, effective antivirals against are in high demand. Here, we describe the development an antiviral peptide that targets fusion (F) protein. This construct is composed carbobenzoxy-d-Phe-l-Phe-Gly (fusion inhibitor peptide; FIP) conjugated lipidated F C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain derivative....
The cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is an excellent small animal model for human respiratory viral infections such as syncytial virus (RSV) and metapneumovirus (HMPV). These infections, well other pulmonary inflammatory diseases asthma, are associated with lung mechanic disturbances. So far, the pathophysiological effects of infection allergy on lungs have not been measured, although this information might be important tool to determine efficacy vaccine drug candidates. To characterize...
Even after decades of intensive research efforts, a safe and efficacious RSV vaccine remains elusive. Expression heterologous antigens from rVSV vectors has demonstrated several practical safety advantages over other virus vector systems live attenuated vaccines.
The resurgence of several infectious diseases, like measles, has driven the search for new chemotherapeutics to prevent and treat viral infections.Self-assembling antiviral peptides are a promising class entry inhibitors capable meeting this need.Fusion inhibitory derived from heptad repeat C-terminal (HRC) measles fusion protein, dimerized conjugated with lipophilic groups, were found be efficacious against virus.The structures self-assembled nanoparticles formed by these modulated their...
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of lower tract disease in infants and children worldwide. Currently, there are no FDA-approved vaccines to combat this virus. The large (L) polymerase protein RSV replicates genome transcribes mRNAs. L organized as a core ring-like domain containing RNA-dependent RNA an appendage globular domains mRNA capping region cap methyltransferase region, which linked by flexible hinge region. Here, we found that tolerant amino acid...
Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of death in children under 1 year age, yet no vaccine available. We have generated novel RSV live attenuated candidate containing mutations the L and G proteins.
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer with low survival rates and currently no immunotherapy options. However, many tumors from PDAC patients can be heavily infiltrated T B cells associated favorable outcomes indicating anti-tumor immunity functional in certain patients. In some of these lymphocyte-inflamed tumors, spontaneous organization tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) evident upon surgical resection have clear advantage. TLS are predictive immune checkpoint...
<h3>Background</h3> Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is considered an immunologically cold type. This perception due to its rapid progression, strong presence of immunosuppression and lack response current immunotherapies. However, we others have shown that a significant proportion PDAC patients do contain robust lymphocyte infiltration, often aggregated in the form tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). The TLS primary tumors prognostic for long-term survival other types, predictive immunotherapy....
Aged cotton rats ( Sigmodon hispidus ) from an established breeding colony displayed signs of spontaneous exophthalmos. Of a total 118 animals that were older than 6 mo age, 37 (31%) These clinically healthy and had no other disease. Ophthalmic exams, molecular microbiologic testing, histopa- thology performed to determine the cause exophthalmos provide appropriate treatment. Environmental monitoring records also reviewed for vivarium rooms in which housed. Histopathology findings supported...