A5062868933- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- interferon and immune responses
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Myxozoan Parasites in Aquatic Species
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Actinomycetales infections and treatment
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
The Ohio State University
2016-2025
Shandong University of Science and Technology
2024
Qingdao University of Science and Technology
2024
Infectious Diseases Institute
2018-2023
Phoenix Contact (United States)
2023
Institute of Infection and Immunity
2020
University of Missouri
2010-2017
Interface (United States)
2017
Northwest A&F University
2016
McGill University
2006-2012
ABSTRACT Type I interferon protects cells from virus infection through the induction of a group genes collectively named interferon-stimulated (ISGs). In this study, we utilized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to deplete ISGs in SupT1 order identify that suppress production human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Among ISG candidates thus identified were interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, potently inhibit HIV-1 replication at least partially...
The interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein family represents a new class of cellular restriction factors that block early stages viral replication; the underlying mechanism is currently not known. Here we provide evidence IFITM proteins restrict membrane fusion induced by representatives all three classes proteins. IFITM1 profoundly suppressed syncytia formation and cell-cell almost examined; IFITM2 IFITM3 also strongly inhibited their fusion, with efficiency somewhat dependent...
Significance It is currently unknown if SARS-CoV-2 can spread through cell–cell contacts, and so, the underlying mechanisms implications. In this work, we show, by using lentiviral pseudotyped virus, that spike protein of mediates viral cell-to-cell transmission, with an efficiency higher than SARS-CoV. We also find fusion contributes to yet ACE2 not absolutely required. While authentic variants concern (VOCs) B.1.1.7 (alpha) B.1.351 (beta) differ in cell-free infectivity from wild type each...
Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses mRNA vaccine or BA.4/5 wave infection, but neutralization is rescued a BA.5-containing bivalent booster. CH.1.1 show strong immune monoclonal antibody S309. Additionally, spike proteins exhibit increased fusogenicity enhanced processing compared with BA.2. Homology modeling...
Recent reports of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sub-lineages, BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2, have reignited concern over potential escape from vaccine- infection-induced immunity. We examine the sensitivity these sub-lineages other major variants to neutralizing antibodies mRNA-vaccinated boosted individuals, as well recovered COVID-19 patients, including those infected with Omicron. find that all especially BA.1 exhibit substantial immune is largely overcome by mRNA vaccine booster doses. While...
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-derived variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 sera from 3-dose-vaccinated bivalent-vaccinated healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave-infected first responders, monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed biology spikes measuring viral infectivity membrane fusogenicity. is less immune evasive compared to other XBB...
Abstract Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence several new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ. 1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2. Here we examine neutralization resistance these as well their ancestral BA.4/5, BA.2.75 D614G variants, against sera from 3-dose vaccinated health care workers, hospitalized BA.1-wave patients, BA.5-wave patients. We found enhanced in all especially BQ.1 BQ.1.1 subvariants driven by a key N460K mutation, lesser extent, R346T K444T...
Immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting from monovalent mRNA vaccines has resulted in attenuated neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron subvariants. In this study, we characterized two new XBB variants rising circulation - EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3, for their neutralization syncytia formation. We determined the titers sera of individuals that received a bivalent vaccine booster, BA.4/5-wave infection, or XBB.1.5-wave infection. Bivalent vaccination-induced antibodies...
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines has provided large-scale immune protection to the public. To elicit a robust response against SARS-CoV-2 infections, antigens produced by mRNAs encoding Spike glycoprotein need be efficiently delivered and presented antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic (DCs). As concurrent innate stimulation can facilitate antigen presentation process, library non-nucleotide STING agonist-derived amino lipids (SALs)...
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-lineage variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 sera from 3-dose vaccinated bivalent healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave infected first responders, monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed biology Spikes measuring viral infectivity membrane fusogenicity. is less immune evasive compared to other XBB variants,...
Highlights•SLip, FLiRT, and KP.2 are poorly neutralized by bivalent-vaccinated sera•XBB.1.5-vaccinated hamster JN.1 patient sera SLip, KP.2•S mutations R346T, L455S, F456L alter ACE2 binding neutralization epitopes•SLip, spikes exhibit less fusion processing relative to JN.1SummaryWe investigate JN.1-derived subvariants for antibodies in vaccinated individuals, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients, or class III monoclonal antibody S309. Compared...
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during...
SARS-CoV-2 variants derived from the immune evasive JN.1 are on rise worldwide. Here, we investigated JN.1-derived subvariants SLip, FLiRT, and KP.2 for their ability to be neutralized by antibodies in bivalent-vaccinated human sera, XBB.1.5 monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera people infected during BA.2.86/JN.1 wave, class III monoclonal antibody (Mab) S309. We found that compared parental JN.1, SLip KP.2, especially exhibit increased resistance COVID-19 BA.2.86/JN.1-wave convalescent sera....
ABSTRACT Interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein family members IFITM1, -2, and -3 restrict the infection of multiple enveloped viruses. Significant enrichment a minor IFITM3 allele was recently reported for patients who were hospitalized seasonal 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu. This lacks region corresponding to first amino-terminal 21 amino acids is unable inhibit influenza A virus. In this study, we found that deleting 21-amino-acid relocates from endosomal compartments cell periphery....
The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins have been recently shown to restrict HIV-1 and other viruses. Here, we provide evidence that IFITM proteins, particularly IFITM2 IFITM3, specifically antagonize the envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby inhibiting viral infection. interact with Env in producer cells, leading impaired processing virion incorporation. Notably, level of incorporation into virions does not strictly correlate extent inhibition. Prolonged passage...
The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least six lives as of January 22 and infected hundreds if not thousands individuals. situation drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud rapid release to public genome sequence new virus by Chinese virologists, but we also believe that increased transparency on disease reporting data sharing with colleagues are crucial for curbing spread this newly emerging other parts world.
Members of the interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family inhibit entry a wide range viruses. Viruses often exploit endocytosis pathways to invade host cells and escape from endocytic vesicles in response low pH. Localization these is essential for IFITM3 interfere with cytosolic pH-dependent However, nature sorting signal that targets poorly defined. In this study, we report possesses YxxΦ motif, i.e. 20-YEML-23, enables undergo through binding μ2 subunit AP-2 complex....
Rapid and specific antibody testing is crucial for improved understanding, control, treatment of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Herein, we describe apply a rapid, sensitive, accurate virus neutralization assay SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The based on an HIV-1 lentiviral vector that contains secreted intron Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) or nano-luciferase reporter cassette, pseudotyped with the spike (S) glycoprotein, validated plaque-reduction using authentic, infectious strain. was used to evaluate...
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529/Omicron variant was first characterized in South Africa and swiftly designated a of concern 1 . Of great is its high number mutations, including 30-40 mutations the virus spike (S) protein compared to 7-10 for other variants. Some these have been shown enhance escape from vaccine-induced immunity, while others remain uncharacterized. Additionally, reports increasing frequencies Omicron may indicate higher rate transmission However, transmissibility degree resistance...