Yeasts are widely distributed in nature and exist association with other microorganisms as normal inhabitants of soil, vegetation, aqueous environments. In this study, 12 yeast strains were enriched isolated from leaf samples the carnivorous plant Drosera indica L., which is currently threatened because restricted habitats use herbal industries. According to similarities large subunit small ribosomal RNA gene sequences, we identified 2 species genera phylum Ascomycota, 5 Basidiomycota. All...

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a non-essential metal for normal plants and toxic to at high concentrations. However, signaling pathways molecular mechanisms of its action on cell function gene expression remain elusive. In this study, we found that Cr(VI) induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation Ca(2+) accumulation activated NADPH oxidase calcium-dependent protein kinase. We investigated global transcriptional changes in rice roots by microarray analysis. Gene profiling...

Abstract Background Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment and widely considered an acute poison carcinogen. However, molecular mechanisms of plant response to As ensuing tolerance have not been extensively characterized. Here, we report on transcriptional changes with treatment two Arabidopsis accessions, Col-0 Ws-2. Results The root elongation rate was greater for than Ws-2 exposure. Accumulation lower more tolerant accession We compared effect exposure...

Host RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) 1 and 6 contribute to antiviral silencing in plants. RDR6 is constitutively expressed was previously shown limit invasion of Nicotiana benthamiana meristem tissue by potato virus X thereby inhibit disease development. RDR1 inducible salicylic acid (SA) several other phytohormones. But although it contributes basal resistance tobacco mosaic (TMV) dispensable for SA-induced inoculated leaves. The laboratory accession N. a natural rdr1 mutant highly...

Abstract Background Salicylic acid (SA) regulates multiple anti-viral mechanisms, including mechanism(s) that may be negatively regulated by the mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX), sole component of respiratory pathway. However, studies this mechanism can confounded SA-mediated induction RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1, a antiviral silencing We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants in which pathway capacity was either increased constitutive expression AOX, or decreased...

Abstract Background Autotoxicity plays an important role in regulating crop yield and quality. To help characterize the autotoxicity mechanism of rice, we performed a large-scale, transcriptomic analysis rice root response to ferulic acid, autotoxin from straw. Results Root growth rate was decreased reactive oxygen species, calcium content lipoxygenase activity were increased with increasing acid concentration roots. Transcriptome revealed more transcripts responsive short ferulic-acid...

Urea-encapsulated hydrogels were synthesized using plant biopolymers. The phenotypic parameters and metabolic response of B. juncea evaluated the variations between hydrogel-based urea delivery direct treatment highlighted.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in signal transduction of extracellular stimuli eukaryotes. However, stimulatory signals for plant MAPKs have not been well elucidated. Here, a cDNA clone, termed Oryza sativaMAPK4 (OsMAPK4), from rice encoding that showed homology with the eukaryotic was isolated. According to phylogenetic analysis, OsMAPK4 belongs subgroup IV MAPK plants. transcripts were expressed strongly mature leaves and weakly young panicles. The...

Gardenia seed carbon dots: bacterial imaging and antioxidant activity.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are modules involved in the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular targets all eukaryotes. In plants, there is evidence for MAPKs playing a role signalling abiotic stresses, pathogens, plant hormones, and cell cycle cues. The large number divergence indicates that this ancient mechanism signal extensively used plants. However, have been no reports classical MAPK module rice. report, we isolated from rice (Oryza sativa) termed...

Colorimetric sensing of salicylic acid in tobacco leaves<italic>in situ</italic>using TiO₂NPs.

Head formation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is greatly reduced under high temperature (22 °C and 27 °C). Broccoli inbred lines that are capable producing heads at temperatures in summer varieties unique to Taiwan. However, knowledge the early-activated pathways head limited.We compared heat-tolerant (HT) heat-sensitive (HS) transcriptome different temperatures. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed genes involved calcium signaling pathways,...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in growth, development, and stress response at the post-transcriptional level. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italic) is an important vegetable crop, yield quality of broccoli are decreased by heat stress. The inbred lines that capable producing head high temperature summer unique varieties Taiwan. However, knowledge miRNAomes during formation under limited. In this study, molecular characterization two nearly isogenic with contrasting head-forming...

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant development and metabolism. It can be synthesized as nitrogenous substances that plants need, such amino acids nucleic acids. However, the N sources use directly are nitrate ammonium, which either come from chemical fertilizers or produced by microorganisms. too much fertilizer causes accumulation in soil of crops leads to salinity. Applying bio-fertilizers overcome land degradation caused has been a public concern over last few decades. Here,...

The solubilized form of aluminum, Al3+, is present under acid soil conditions and toxic to both animals plants. Detecting quantifying Al3+ vital for chemistry biology. A new Schiff-based fluorescent turn-on sensor (probe L) the selective detection ion was synthesized by coupling 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde 2-aminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, structure characterized nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. probe L exhibited an excellent sensitive response over other metal ions in DMSO-H2O (1:9 v/v)....

Callus-forming capacity is enhanced with hypocotyl maturity in Arabidopsis. However, the genetic regulation of age-related gain for callus formation unclear. We used a gene expression microarray assay to characterize underlying mechanisms during young and mature explants As expected, genes involved photosynthesis cell wall thickening showed altered maturation. In addition, cytokinin perception were enriched tissues. Phytohormone-induced was accompanied by increased mainly related cycle,...

Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is one of the most important crops worldwide and severely affected by geminiviruses. leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTWV), belonging to geminiviruses, was isolated in causes tremendous crop loss. The geminivirus‐encoded C2 proteins are crucial for a successful interaction between host plants. However, exact functions viral protein ToLCTWV have not been investigated. We analyzed molecular function(s) transient or stable expression tomato cv. Micro‐Tom Nicotiana...