To compare hoof acceleration and ground reaction force (GRF) data among dirt, synthetic, turf surfaces in Thoroughbred racehorses.3 healthy racehorses.Forelimb accelerations GRFs were measured with an accelerometer a dynamometric horseshoe during trot canter on track at racecourse. Maxima, minima, temporal components, measure of vibration extracted from the data. Acceleration GRF variables compared statistically surfaces.The synthetic surface often had lowest peak accelerations, mean...

Abstract Background Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), present in circulating blood plasma, contains information about prenatal health, organ transplant reception, and cancer presence progression. Originally developed for the genomic analysis of highly degraded ancient DNA, single-stranded (ssDNA) library preparation methods are gaining popularity field cfDNA due to their efficiency ability convert short, fragmented into sequencing libraries without altering ends. However, current ssDNA costly...

Tenascins regulate cell interaction with the surrounding pericellular matrix. Within bone, tenascins C and W influence osteoblast adhesion differentiation, although little is known about regulation of tenascin expression. In this study we examined effect osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) Wnt growth factors, mechanical loading on expression in cells. Osteogenic differentiation increased (TnC), decreased (TnW), Both factors both TnC TnW expression, albeit via distinct signaling...

Furosemide, a commonly used diuretic, activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in other species. Little is known about RAAS peptide activation horses.

The bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) is widely used by both human and animal pathogens to cause disease yet remains incompletely understood. Deciphering how some natural products, such as the microbial metabolite piericidin, inhibit can provide important insight into T3SS functions or regulated. Taking this approach, we investigated ability of piericidin block function in several pathogens. Surprisingly, selectively inhibited Ysc family enteropathogenic Yersinia but did not affect...

Background: Dogs experimentally inoculated with Angiostrongylus vasorum develop severe pulmonary parenchymal lesions and arterial thrombosis at the time of patency. Hypothesis: A. vasorum-induced results in hypoxemia, hypertension (PH), altered cardiac morphology function. Animals: Six healthy Beagles vasorum. Methods: Thoracic radiographs blood gas analyses were performed 8 13 weeks postinoculation (wpi) 9 posttherapy (wpt). Echocardiography was done before 2, 5, 8, wpi wpt. Invasive artery...

Cytoplasmic dynein is a minus-end directed microtubule-based motor protein that drives intracellular cargo transport in eukaryotic cells. Although many cargos are propelled by small groups of motors, the biophysical mechanisms governing ensemble motility remain largely unknown. To investigate emergent ensembles, we have designed programmable DNA origami synthetic "chassis" enabling us to control number motors and vary rigidity chassis itself. Using total internal reflection fluorescence...

ABSTRACT Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an emerging threat to global public health. New classes of antibiotics and tools for antimicrobial discovery urgently needed. Type III secretion systems (T3SS), which required by dozens Gram-negative virulence but largely absent from nonpathogenic bacteria, promising blocker targets. The ability mammalian cells recognize the presence a functional T3SS trigger NF-κB activation provides rapid sensitive method identifying chemical inhibitors activity....

Dozens of Gram negative pathogens use one or more type III secretion systems (T3SS) to disarm host defenses occupy a beneficial niche during infection organism. While the T3SS represents an attractive drug target and dozens compounds with inhibitory activity have been identified, few inhibitors validated mode action determined. One issue is lack standardized orthogonal assays following high throughput screening. Using training set commercially available previously shown possess activity, we...

Summary The Y ersinia type III secretion system ( T 3 SS ) translocates op effector proteins into host cells to manipulate immune defenses such as phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species ROS production. translocator YopB YopD form pores in membranes, facilitating translocation. While the amino carboxy termini participate pore formation, role of central region between acids 150–227 remains unknown. We assessed contribution this by generating . pseudotuberculosis yopD Δ150–170 Δ207–227...

Objectives Digital cryotherapy is commonly used for laminitis prophylaxis and treatment. Currently validated methods distal limb involve wet application or compression technology. There a need practical, affordable, dry method that effectively cools the digit. The objective of this study was to evaluate hoof wall surface temperatures (HWSTs) achieved with novel Design Repeated‐measures in vivo experimental study. Setting Experimental intervention at single site. Participants 6 systemically...

Transient transformation in plants is a useful process for evaluating gene function. However, there scarcity of minimally perturbing methods delivery that can be used on multiple organs, plant species, and non-excised tissues. We pioneered demonstrated the use vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays to efficiently perform transient different tissues with DNA constructs species. The VACNFs permeabilize tissue transiently allow molecules into cells without causing detectable stress...

Abstract Background To facilitate lameness evaluation, sedatives such as xylazine and acepromazine are regularly used in the clinical setting, despite concerns that they may confound assessment. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine effect low doses on subjective Study design Randomised, blinded, crossover study. Methods Six horses with experimentally induced solar pain were evaluated over a 1‐hour period after treatment intravenous (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg), (0.02 0.04 saline (1...

Abstract Background Complications are a practical consideration for elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed under general anaesthesia but relatively little is known about their distribution and risk factors. Objectives To describe the incidence of complications associated with MRI at large referral facility evaluate potential factors these complications. Study design Retrospective case–control study. Methods Patient information details procedure were collected...

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant growth-promoting peptide hormone that perceived by its cell surface receptors PSKR1 and PSKR2 in Arabidopsis. Plants lacking the PSK show phenotypes consistent with signaling repressing some defenses. To gain further insight into mechanism, comprehensive transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis treated was performed, effects treatment on defense readouts were monitored. Our study indicates PSK's major effect to downregulate defense-related genes; it has more...

The ability of bone cells to detect and transduce mechanical signals is central the mechanism whereby adapts load maintains healthy mass. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, located in focal adhesions, highly specialized localized sites attachment, that are thought be primary site mechanotransduction. While Src activated by loads other cell types, its role osteoblast mechanotransduction unclear. In this study we examined whether oscillatory fluid flow influenced phosphorylation, Src's...

The delivery of biomolecules and impermeable dyes to intact plants is a major challenge. Nanomaterials are up-and-coming tools for the DNA plants. As exciting as these new are, they have yet be widely applied. fabricated on rigid substrate (backing) particularly difficult successfully apply curved plant structures. This study describes process microfabricating vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays transferring them from flexible substrate. We detail demonstrate how fibers (on either or...

Abstract Background Omega‐3 fatty acid and alpha‐tocopherol supplementation reduces gastric ulcer formation in humans rodents; however, efficacy of prevention horses is unknown. Equine Omega Complete (EOC) an oral supplement containing omega‐3 acids alpha‐tocopherol. Hypothesis/Objective Determine if EOC prevents ulcers increases serum concentrations healthy horses. Animals Nine thoroughbred geldings; 5‐13 years old. Methods Prospective randomized block design, repeated crossover model....

No current treatments available halt osteoarthritis progression in horses or humans. Intra-articular injection of mitochondria is a novel treatment that has the potential to improve cell metabolism and decrease inflammation, but safety this yet be established horse. Autologous blood-derived isolated using commercially kit were injected into left carpus joint 3 which monitored for 28 days. Horses received physical examinations, video recorded gait evaluations, diameter measurement, synovial...

Gastric ulceration can be induced by athletic training and is a significant welfare concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect gastric ulcer induction on heart rate variability (HRV) in horse. We hypothesized that ulcers would decrease HRV increase low frequency fluctuations, consistent with increased sympathetic tone. A convenience sample 8 horses larger were enrolled. Horses randomly assigned receive water or 2 mg/kg omeprazole orally once daily for 28 days. through...