Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride based compounds have been used in a wide variety of consumer products, such as carpets, upholstery, and textiles. These degrade to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), persistent metabolite that accumulates tissues humans wildlife. Previous studies reported the occurrence PFOS, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) human sera collected from United States. In this study, concentrations PFHxS, PFOA, PFOSA...

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations and compositions polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), dibenzofurans (PBDFs) as contaminants in commercial diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures DE-71, DE-79, DE-83 ascertain lot-to-lot variations proportions these contaminants. Commercial PBDE tested present contained both PBBs PBDFs, impurities, at range several tens thousands nanograms per gram. Concentrations total PBDFs were greater than those DE-79 mixtures....

Temporal biomonitoring studies can assess changes in population exposures to contaminants, but collection of biological specimens with adequate representation and sufficient temporal resolution be resource-intensive. Newborn Screening Programs (NSPs) collect blood as dried spots on filter paper from nearly all infants born the United States (U.S.). In this study, we investigated use NSP for by analyzing perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexane (PFHxS),...

Manganese (Mn) plays a vital role in brain growth and development, yet excessive exposure can result neurotoxicity. Marietta, Ohio, is home to the nation's longest-operating ferromanganese refinery, community concern about led development of research study.Our overall goal was address community's primary question: "Does Mn affect cognitive children?" We evaluated relationships between as measured by blood hair Mn, along with other neurotoxicants including lead (Pb) serum cotinine, child...

Sufficient toxicological data are now available to permit use of conventional risk assessment techniques estimate the hazards associated with human exposure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). However, many real-world exposures involve complex mixtures dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds. Historical approaches on such have ranged from ignoring all compounds except 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself assuming that potencies equal 2,3,7,8-TCDD. An alternative approach which...

Backyard burning of household waste in barrels is a common disposal practice for which pollutant emissions have not been well characterized. This study measured the several pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), from mixtures designed to simulate generated by "recycling" "nonrecycling" family 208-L (55-gal) burn barrel at EPA's Open Burning Test Facility. paper focuses on PCDD/PCDF discusses factors influencing formation different test burns....

Exfoliated cytologic specimens from mouth (buccal) epithelium may contain viable cells, permitting assay of gene expression for direct and noninvasive measurement gene-environment interactions, such as inhalation (e.g., tobacco smoke) exposures. We determined specific mRNA levels in exfoliated buccal cells collected by brush, using a recently developed RNA-specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR strategy. In pilot study, metabolic activity was verified...

Benzophenone (BP)-type UV (ultraviolet) filters, especially 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2OH–4MeO–BP), are widely used in the U.S., to protect skin and hair from irradiation. Despite human exposures filters through dermal application of products containing sunscreen agents, few studies have examined occurrence humans. Thus far, sensitive methods available for determination 2OH–4MeO–BP urine. Furthermore, other BP derivatives, including 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4OH–BP), which is...

Organophosphates and pyrethroids are the most common classes of insecticides used in United States. Widespread use these compounds to control building infestations New York City (NYC) may have caused higher exposure than less-urban settings.The objectives our study were estimate pesticide reference values for NYC identify demographic behavioral characteristics that predict exposures.The Health Nutrition Examination Survey was a population-based, cross-sectional conducted 2004 among adults ≥...

Tetrachloroethylene (also called perchloroethylene, or perc), a volatile organic compound, has been the predominant solvent used by dry-cleaning industry for many years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified perc as hazardous air pollutant because of its potential adverse impact on human health. Several occupational studies have indicated that chronic, airborne exposure adversely affects neurobehavioral functions in workers, particularly visual color discrimination and...

Journal Article Interlaboratory comparability of serum cotinine measurements at smoker and nonsmoker concentration levels: A round-robin study Get access John T. Bernert, Bernert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peyton Jacob, Jacob David B. Holiday, Holiday Neal L. Benowitz, Benowitz Connie S. Sosnoff, Sosnoff Mira V. Doig, Doig Colin Feyerabend, Feyerabend Kenneth M. Aldous, Aldous Mehran Sharifi, Sharifi Mark D. Kellogg, Kellogg ... Show more...

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 resulted in release several airborne pollutants and around site. Perfluorochemicals including perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which are used soil- stain-resistant coatings upholstery, carpets, leather, floor waxes, polishes, fire-fighting foams were potentially released during WTC. In this pilot study, we analyzed 458 plasma samples New York State (NYS) employees National Guard personnel...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and on a global basis, North American populations exposed to the highest doses of PBDEs. In response exponential increase in human exposure PBDEs during late 1990s, some PBDE formulations were phased out from production early 2000s. The effectiveness phase-out commercial penta-BDE octa-BDE mixtures 2004 U.S. levels is not known. Dried blood spots (DBSs), collected for newborn screening program (NSP) U.S.,...

Journal Article Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers nationally and in New York City Get access Jennifer A. Ellis, Ellis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charon Gwynn, Gwynn Renu K. Garg, Garg Robyn Philburn, Philburn Kenneth M. Aldous, Aldous Sarah B. Perl, Perl Lorna Thorpe, Thorpe Thomas R. Frieden Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 11, Issue 4, April 2009, Pages 362–370, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp021 Published: 07 2009 history...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous determination of seven trace metals in potable water using a vidicon atomic absorption spectrometerKenneth M. Aldous, Douglas G. Mitchell, and Kenneth W. JacksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 7, 1034–1037Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60357a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE...

The recent worldwide shortage of acetonitrile has prompted the development a new method using methanol as an alternative organic solvent in extraction and liquid chromatographic analysis melamine cyanuric acid that may be present contaminants dairy products pet foods. A simple residues fortified samples was successfully achieved, methanol−water mixture by isotopic dilution high-performance chromatography−triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). two-step centrifugation procedure...