Abstract Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RAP2.2 (At3g14230) is an APETALA2/ethylene response factor-type transcription factor that belongs to the same subfamily as rice (Oryza sativa) submergence tolerance gene SUB1A. expressed at constitutively high levels in roots and lower shoots, where it induced by darkness. Effector studies analysis of ethylene signal transduction mutants indicate shoots functions ethylene-controlled pathway. Overexpression resulted improved plant survival under...

Upon activation by far-red light, phytochrome A signals are transduced through several pathways to promote photomorphogenesis. The COP1 E3 ligase represses photomorphogenesis in part targeting transcription activators such as LAF1 and HY5 for destruction. Another positive regulator of is HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor. Here, we show that HFR1 colocalizes with nuclear bodies, the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-131) interacts WD40 domain. HFR1(ΔN), an mutant lacking two...

Abstract mRNA turnover in eukaryotes involves the removal of m7GDP from 5′ end. This decapping reaction is mediated by a protein complex well characterized yeast and human but not plants. The function development multicellular organisms also poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana DCP2 can generate capped mRNAs, m7GDP, 5′-phosphorylated mRNAs vitro this activity requires an active Nudix domain. interacts vivo with DCP1 VARICOSE (VCS), homolog Hedls/Ge-1. Moreover,...

Viruses induce pathogenic symptoms on plants but the molecular basis is poorly understood. Here, we show that transgenic Arabidopsis expressing pathogenesis protein βC1 of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), a geminivirus, can phenocopy to large extent disease virus-infected tobacco in having upward curled leaves, radialized leaves with outgrowth tissues from abaxial surfaces, and sterile flowers. These morphological changes are paralleled by reduction miR165/166 levels an...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21 nt RNAs that regulate many biological processes in plants by mediating translational inhibition or cleavage of target transcripts. Arabidopsis mutants defective miRNA biogenesis have overlapping and highly pleiotropic phenotypes including serrated leaves ABA hypersensitivity. Recent evidence indicates genes transcribed RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Since Pol transcripts capped, we hypothesized CBP (cap-binding protein) 20 80 may bind to capped primary (pri-miRNA) play...

As key mediators linking developmental processes with plant immunity, TCP (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATION FACTOR 1 and 2) transcription factors have been increasingly shown to be targets of pathogenic effectors. We report here that TB/CYC (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA)-TCPs are destabilized by phytoplasma SAP11 effectors, leading the proliferation axillary meristems. Although a high degree sequence diversity was observed among putative effectors identified from evolutionarily...

ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) is a MYB-type transcription repressor that controls leaf development by regulating KNOX gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanism still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated AS1 can interact with histone deacetylase HDA6 in vitro and vivo. The genes were up-regulated hyperacetylated hda6 mutant, axe1-5, indicating may regulate expression through deacetylation. Compared single mutants, as1-1/axe1-5 as2-1/axe1-5 double mutants displayed more severe...

Phytoplasmas have the smallest genome among bacteria and lack many essential genes required for biosynthetic metabolic functions, making them unculturable, phloem-limited plant pathogens. In this study, we observed that transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing secreted Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom protein11 shows an altered root architecture, similarly to disease symptoms of phytoplasma-infected plants, by forming hairy roots. This morphological change is...

Significance Photomorphogenic development allows young plant seedlings to acquire photosynthetic activities and growth competitiveness when they emerge from soil. More than 1,000 mRNAs are translationally inert in dark-grown but quickly engage translation first exposed light signals. However, why some undergo selective translation, how the is regulated, it important remain unknown. Our work fills this missing gap by demonstrating that processing bodies function as mRNA reservoirs seedlings....

Aberrant viral RNAs produced in infected plant cells serve as templates for the synthesis of dsRNAs. The derived virus-related small interfering (siRNA) mediate cleavage by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), thus blocking virus multiplication. Here, we identified ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) a new component P body complex which mediates mRNA decapping and degradation. We found that AS2 promotes DCP2 activity, accelerates turnover rate, inhibits siRNA accumulation functions an endogenous...

Suppression of expression DAF [DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1)-Activating Factor], a gene that encodes putative RING-finger E3 ligase protein, causes non-dehiscence the anthers, alters pollen development and sterility in 35S:DAF RNAi/antisense Arabidopsis plants. This mutant phenotype correlates with suppression but not two most closely related genes, DAFL1/2. The DAD1 was significantly reduced plants, complementation did rescue dad1 mutant, indicating acts upstream jasmonic acid...

The viral infection process is a battle between host defense response and pathogen antagonizing action. Several studies have established tight link the RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) repression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated responses, nonetheless factors directly linking an RSS SA pathway remains unidentified. From yeast two-hybrid analysis, we identified interaction potyviral helper-component proteinase (HCPro) SA-binding protein SABP3. Co-localization bimolecular fluorescence...

Phytoplasmas are bacterial phytopathogens that release virulence effectors into sieve cells and act systemically to affect the physiological morphological state of host plants promote successful pathogenesis. We show here transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing secreted effector SAP11 from Candidatus Phytoplasma mali exhibit an altered aroma phenotype. This phenomenon is correlated with defects in development glandular trichomes biosynthesis 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP)....

Within the 16SrII phytoplasma group, subgroups A-X have been classified based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of their 16S rRNA gene, and two species described, namely 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' 'Ca. australasia'. Strains phytoplasmas are detected across a broad geographic range within Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe North South America. Historically, all members group share ≥97.5 % nucleotide sequence identity gene. In this study, we used whole genome sequences to...

Abstract Decapterus maruadsi is one of the representative offshore fish in Western Pacific. Since last century, it has become a commercially valuable marine fishery species Pacific region. Despite its high economic value, there still lack high-quality reference genome D. germplasm resource evaluation research. Here we report chromosome-level based on Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The whole was assembled through 169 contigs with total length 723.69 Mb contig N50 24.67 Mb. By...

Butterflies are highly sensitive to climate change, and Troides helena, as an endangered butterfly species, is also affected by these changes. To enhance the conservation of T. helena effectively plan its protected areas, it crucial understand potential impacts change on distribution. This study utilized a MaxEnt model in combination with ArcGIS technology predict global suitable habitats under current future conditions, using species’ distribution data relevant environmental variables. The...

The triple-gene-block protein 3 (TGBp3) of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane which assumed to form a complex deliver the intracellularly. However, entity that delivered plasmodesmata (PD) and its association with TGBp3-based complexes are not known. Results from chemical extraction partial proteolysis TGBp3 in vesicles revealed has right-side-out topology; i.e., C-terminal tail exposed outer surface ER. Analyses TGBp3-specific immunoprecipitate...

Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted plant pathogens that cause substantial losses in agriculture. In addition to economic impact, phytoplasmas induce distinct disease symptoms infected plants, thus attracting attention for research on molecular plant-microbe interactions and developmental processes. Due the difficulty of establishing an axenic culture these bacteria, culture-independent genome characterization is a crucial tool phytoplasma research. However, genomes have strong nucleotide...

Several positive regulators of phytochrome A signaling--e.g., LAF1, HFR1, and HY5--operate downstream from the photoreceptor, but their relative sites action in transduction pathway are unknown. Here, we show that HFR1RNAi/laf1 or hfr1-201/LAF1RNAi generated by RNA interference (RNAi) has an additive phenotype under FR light compared with single mutants, hfr1-201 laf1. This result indicates LAF1 HFR1 function largely independent pathways. R2R3-MYB factor, interacts a basic helix-loop-helix...

Abstract Amaranthus tricolor L., a vegetable species, is an economically important crop containing large amounts of betalains. Betalains are natural antioxidants and can be classified into betacyanins betaxanthins, with red yellow colors, respectively. A. cultivars varying betalain contents, leading to striking green coloration, have been commercially produced. However, the molecular differences underlying biosynthesis in various remain largely unknown. In this study, different colors were...