A5040023542- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Astro and Planetary Science
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Climate change and permafrost
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Optical Systems and Laser Technology
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
2014-2025
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
2014-2024
Ural State Forestry Engineering University
2022
Harvard University Press
2004
Harvard University
1994
The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer spacecraft provides simultaneous spectra and images of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, corona with 0.33-0.4 arcsec spatial resolution, 2 s temporal resolution 1 km/s velocity over a field-of-view up to 175 x arcsec. IRIS was launched into Sun-synchronous orbit on 27 June 2013 using Pegasus-XL rocket consists 19-cm UV telescope that feeds slit-based dual-bandpass imaging spectrograph. obtains in passbands from...
The Hectospec is a 300 optical fiber fed spectrograph commissioned at the MMT in spring of 2004. In configuration pioneered by Autofib instrument Anglo‐Australian Telescope, Hectospec's probes are arranged radial "fisherman on pond" geometry and held position with small magnets. A pair high‐speed, six‐axis robots move buttons between observing configurations within ∼300 s, to an accuracy ∼25 μm. fibers run for 26 m MMT's focal surface bench spectrograph, operating R∼1000–2000. Hectochelle,...
The MMT and Magellan infrared spectrograph (MMIRS) is a cryogenic multiple slit operating in the wavelength range 0.9-2.4 micron. MMIRS' refractive optics offer 6.9 by arcmin field of view for imaging with spatial resolution 0.2 arcsec per pixel on HAWAII-2 array. For spectroscopy, MMIRS can be used long slits up to long, or custom masks having slitlets distributed over 4 area. A dispersers spectral resolutions 800 3000. designed at f/5 foci Clay 6.5m telescopes. was commissioned 2009 has...
Arcus will be proposed to the NASA Explorer program as a free-flying satellite mission that enable high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (8-50) with unprecedented sensitivity – effective areas of >500 sq cm and spectral resolution >2500. The key science goals are (1) determine how baryons cycle in out galaxies by measuring effects structure formation imprinted upon hot gas is predicted lie extended halos around galaxies, groups, clusters, (2) black holes influence their surroundings...
Arcus Probe, an X-ray and UV spectroscopy mission proposed for the 2023 NASA Astrophysics Probe call, uses two co-aligned spectrometers—the spectrometer (XRS) spectrograph (UVS). We discuss process of aligning XRS UVS such that they acquire simultaneous spectra astrophysical sources during observatory's operation. The definition each instrument's field view line sight is given, informing alignment strategy to UVS. Comprehensive error budgets, beginning with internal optics proceeding through...
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) sounding rocket experiment launched on July 30, 2021 from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. MaGIXS is a unique solar observing telescope developed to capture spectral images, 6 - 24 Angstrom wavelength range, of coronal active regions. Its novel design takes advantage recent technological advances related fabricating and optimizing optical systems as well breakthroughs inversion methodologies necessary create spectrally...
The GMT-CfA, Carnegie, Catolica, Chicago Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is a fiber fed, optical echelle spectrograph that has undergone conceptual design for consideration as first light instrument at the Giant Magellan Telescope. GCLEF been designed to be general-purpose with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability. We have defined performance envelope of G-CLEF address several highest science priorities in Decadal Survey<sup>1</sup>. an asymmetric, two-arm, white pupil design. asymmetric...
Abstract Arcus is a proposed Explorer Class soft X-ray grating spectrometer. It aims to explore cosmic feedback by mapping hot gases within and between galaxies galaxy clusters characterizing jets winds from supermassive black holes investigate the dynamics of protoplanetary disks stellar accretion. features 12 m focal-length grazing-incidence silicon pore optics (SPO) developed for Athena mission. Critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings efficiently disperse high diffraction orders onto...
The Hectospec consists of a robotic positioner that will position 300 optical fibers at the f/5 focus converted MMT and bench mounted moderate-dispersion spectrograph. be first wide-field instrument to used is now under construction Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Commissioning scheduled for mid 1999, shortly after light focus. innovative features are described, emphasizing recent developments.
Thin x-ray optics with high angular resolution (≤ 0.5 arcsec) over a wide field of view enable the study number astrophysically important topics and feature prominently in Lynx, next-generation observatory concept currently under NASA study. In an effort to address this technology need, piezoelectrically adjustable, thin mirror segments capable figure correction after mounting on-orbit are development. We report on fabrication characterization adjustable cylindrical slumped glass optic. This...
Lynx, a next generation X-ray observatory concept currently under study, requires lightweight, high spatial resolution mirrors. Here we detail the development and fabrication of one candidate technologies for piezoelectric adjustable optics. These mirrors are thin glass shell with Cr/Ir reflective coatings on mirror side film actuators actuator side. Magnetron sputtering was used to deposit metal electrodes metal-oxide layers. The (Pb0.995(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.99Nb0.01O3) divided into 112...
Abstract High-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-rays (<2 keV) requires diffractive elements to resolve any astrophysically relevant diagnostics, such as closely spaced lines, weak absorption or line profiles. The Rowland torus geometry describes how gratings and detectors need be positioned optimize the spectral resolving power. We describe an on-axis can tilted accommodate blazed gratings. In this geometry, two channels with separate optical axes share same (double spectrograph). Small...
Soft x-ray spectroscopy with high resolving power (R = λ/Δλ) and large effective area (A) addresses numerous unanswered science questions about the physical laws that lead to structure of our universe. In soft band R > 1000 can currently only be achieved diffraction grating-based spectroscopy. Criticalangle transmission (CAT) gratings combine advantages blazed reflection (high efficiency, use higher orders) those conventional (relaxed alignment tolerances temperature...
In order to advance significantly scientific objectives, future x-ray astronomy missions will likely call for telescopes with large aperture areas (≈ 3 m<sup>2</sup>) and fine angular resolution 1<sup>2</sup>). Achieving such performance is programmatically technologically challenging due the mass envelope constraints of space-borne need densely nested grazing-incidence optics. Such an telescope require precision fabrication, alignment, mounting, assembly 600 m2) lightweight 2...
In 2003, the converted MMT's wide-field f/5 focus was commissioned. A 1.7-m diameter secondary and a large refractive corrector offer 1° field of view for spectroscopy 0.5° imaging. Stellar images during excellent seeing are smaller than 0.5" FWHM across spectroscopic view, 0.4" imaging view. Three instruments now in routine operation: Hectospec (an R~1000 optical spectrograph fed by 300 robotically-positioned fibers), Hectochelle R~40,000 same Megacam (a 340 megapixel, 36 CCD imager...
We present the design for a stigmatic grazing incidence X-ray spectrograph designed solar coronal observations. The is composed of slit, pair paraboloid mirrors and plano varied-line-space grating. All reflective surfaces operate at an angle 88 degrees, covers wavelength range 0.6 to 2.4nm (0.5 2.0keV). achieves 1.5pm spectral resolution 15 μm spatial over 2.5mmlong slit. current intended sounding rocket experiment, fit inside NASA payload behind 1.1m focal length Wolter Type-1 telescope....
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a NASA sounding rocket instrument designed to obtain spatially resolved soft spectra of the solar atmosphere in 6–24 Å (0.5–2.0 keV) range. consists single shell Wolter Type-I telescope, slit, and spectrometer comprising matched pair grazing incidence parabolic mirrors planar varied-line space diffraction grating. achieve 50 mÅ spectral resolution 5 arcsecond spatial along ±4-arcminute long launch planned for 2019. We report on...
We report progress toward developing a scanning laser reflection (LR) tool for alignment and period measurement of critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings. It operates on similar principle as built in 1994 which characterized variations grating facets the Chandra X-ray Observatory. A specularly reflected beam first-order diffracted were used to record local variations, surface slope line orientation. In this work, normal-incidence was added measure (instead angled-incidence beam). Since...
Arcus is a high-resolution soft x-ray spectroscopy mid-size Explorer mission selected for NASA Phase A concept study. It designed to explore structure formation through measurements of hot baryon distributions, feedback from black holes, and the evolution stars, disks, exoplanet atmospheres. The design provides unprecedented sensitivity in 1.2-5 nm wavelength band with effective area up 350 cm<sup>2</sup> spectral resolving power R > 2500. technology based on highly modular that features...
The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is a fiber fed, optical echelle spectrograph, which has been selected as first light instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) currently under construction at Las Campanas Observatory. We designed G-CLEF general-purpose spectrograph with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability goal of 0.1 m/s, will enable it to detect/measure mass an Earth-sized planet orbiting Solar-type star in its habitable zone. This imposes challenging...
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrograph (MaGIXS) is a proposed sounding rocket experiment designed to observe spatially resolved soft spectra of the solar corona for first time. instrument purely grazing-incidence design, consisting aWolter Type-1 sector telescope and slit spectrograph. mirror monolithic Zerodur with both parabolic hyperbolic surfaces. spectrograph comprises pair paraboloid mirrors acting as collimator reimaging mirror, planar varied-line-space grating, reflective...
Thin X-ray optics with high angular resolution (≤ 0.5 arcseconds) over a wide field of view enable the study number astrophysically important topics, and feature prominently in Lynx, next-generation observatory concept currently under NASA study. To produce such optics, we propose to use piezoelectrically adjustable, thin mirror segments capable figure correction after mounting on-orbit. In present work, report on fabrication characterization an adjustable cylindrical slumped glass optic....
Spectroscopy of soft X-rays is an extremely powerful tool to understand the physics hot plasmas in universe, but many cases, such as kinematic properties stellar emission lines or weak absorption features, we have reached limits current instrumentation. Critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings blaze dispersed spectra into high orders and also offer throughput. We present detailed ray-traces for Arcus mission, which promises effective area > 300 cm<sup>2</sup> X-ray band. It uses four...