Salmonella enterica is commonly acquired from contaminated food and an important cause of illness worldwide. Interventions are needed to control Salmonella; subtyping by serotyping useful for targeting such interventions. We, therefore, analyzed the global distribution 15 most frequently identified serovars isolated humans 2001 2007 in laboratories 37 countries that participated World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network demonstrated proficiency External Quality Assurance...

Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (DT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion DT104 isolates also reduced susceptibility fluoroquinolones.The Danish surveillance program determines the types all strains from food chain, case suspected outbreaks,...

Salmonellae are a common cause of foodborne disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports international surveillance through WHO Global Salm-Surv and other activities. members annually report the 15 most frequently isolated Salmonella serotypes to Web-based country databank. We describe global distribution reported from human nonhuman sources 2000 2002. Among isolates, S. Enteritidis was serotype, accounting for 65% all isolates. although no serotype predominated, enterica...

Abstract We describe Salmonella control programs of broiler chickens, layer hens, and pigs in Denmark. Major reductions the incidence foodborne human salmonellosis have occurred by integrated farms food processing plants. Disease has been achieved monitoring herds flocks, eliminating infected animals, diversifying animals (animals products are processed differently depending on status) animal according to determined risk. In 2001, Danish society saved U.S.$25.5 million controlling...

Based on the data from integrated Danish Salmonella surveillance in 1999, we developed a mathematical model for quantifying contribution of each major animal-food sources to human salmonellosis. The was set up calculate number domestic and sporadic cases caused by different sero phage types as function prevalence these amount food source consumed. A multiparameter prior accounting presumed but unknown differences between serotypes with respect causing salmonellosis also included. joint...

A case control study comprising 282 cases and 319 matched controls was conducted in Denmark during 1996-7. Two estimates of the odds ratio (OR) were determined for each risk factor with without 'protective factors' fitted into final model. Consumption undercooked poultry (OR 4.5; 8.2), consumption red meat at a barbecue 2.3; 4.1), grapes 1.6; 2.8) drinking unpasteurized milk 11.8) identified as factors both models. Frequent pork chops 4.4) daily contact domestic animals pets one two models...

Abstract We report the findings of a case-control study risk factors for sporadic cases human campylobacteriosis in Denmark. In 3 different analytical models, main domestic factor identified was eating fresh, unfrozen chicken. Specifically, 28 74 domestically acquired case-patients were exposed to fresh chicken compared with 21 114 controls (multivariate matched odds ratio 5.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1–15.9). contrast, from other poultry, including previously frozen chicken, only...

This study was conducted to describe the occurrence of acquired resistance antimicrobials used for growth promotion among bacteria isolated from swine, cattle and poultry in Denmark. Resistance structurally related therapeutic agents also examined. Three categories were tested: 1) indicator ( Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, faecium ), 2) zoonotic Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica 3) animal pathogens E. Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS),...

This study describes the establishment and first results of a continuous surveillance system antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from pigs, cattle broilers in Denmark. The three categories tested were: 1) indicator ( Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, faecium ), 2) zoonotic Campylobacter coli/jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica 3) animal pathogens E. Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS), hyicus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae )....

To evaluate changes in antimicrobial consumption and productivity by Danish swine farms during 1992 to 2008.All for data a representative sample of herds data.Antimicrobial from 2008 was determined evaluated light policies regulate consumption, disease patterns, data. Trend analyses were conducted before after ban on use growth promoters (AGPs). Results-Antimicrobial peaked at 100 mg/kg produced 1992, decreased 31 1999, increased 49 2008. Key factors regulations banning subtherapeutic...

Background: In addition to medical antimicrobial usage, the use of antimicrobials in food animals contributes occurrence resistance among some bacterial species isolated from infections humans. Recently, several studies have indicated that a large proportion Escherichia coli causing humans, especially those resistant antimicrobials, an animal origin. Methods: We analyzed correlation between prevalence E. isolates blood stream humans and poultry, pigs, cattle 2005 2008 for 11 countries, using...

The use of the glycopeptide growth promoter avoparcin was discontinued in Denmark 1995 following concerns that vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium occurring as a result its could be transferred to humans via food. present study is an analysis results obtained by continuous surveillance antimicrobial resistance (DANMAP) with aim determining effect ban on occurrence among E. isolated from broilers and pigs. Among isolates broilers, proportion were resistant glycopeptides has shown...

Campylobacter infections are increasing and pose a serious public health problem in Denmark. Infections humans broiler flocks show similar seasonality, suggesting that climate may play role infection. We examined the effects of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, hours sunlight on incidence by using lag dependence functions, locally fitted linear models, cross validation methods. For humans, best model included average temperature 4 weeks prior to infection; maximum lagged at was...

The use of antimicrobial agents in the modern farm industry has created a reservoir resistant bacteria food animals. Foods animal origin are often contaminated with enterococci that likely to contribute resistance genes, virulence factors, or other properties IN humans. potential hazard human health from antimicrobial-resistant animals is questioned by some scientists because evidence host specificity enterococci. Similarly, occurrences specific nosocomial clones hospitals have lead...

Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 11/236 (4·7%) caecal samples parent flocks, providing broilers to the abattoirs investigated. Caecal 2078 representing 90 randomly selected broiler flocks were negative for L. monocytogenes. A total of 3080 seven including poultry processing line samples, and final products also examined in 0·3% 18·7% collected different abattoirs. Epidemiological typing 247 isolates, serotyping, phage typing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis ribotyping revealed 62...

Antimicrobial agents are useful for control of bacterial infections in food animals and man. Their prudent use these is important to any possible development transfer resistance between The objective this study was generate quantitative information evaluate antimicrobial usage patterns by animal species, route administration, class type from 1995 1999 Kenya. Theses data essential risk analysis planning can be helpful interpreting surveillance data, evaluating the effectiveness efforts...

Until recently, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis has remained sensitive to most antibiotics. However, national surveillance data from Denmark show that quinolone resistance in S. increased 0.8% 1995 8.5% 2000. These support concerns the current use of food animals leads increasing and action should be taken limit such use.

The MICs of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents, tested for comparison, 515 bacterial isolates pigs from the United States, Canada, Denmark with various diseases were compared. organisms included Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella choleraesuis, typhimurium, Streptococcus suis, dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, equi equi, zooepidemicus. In addition to ceftiofur, following agents or combinations tested: enrofloxacin, ampicillin,...