Abstract Individual heterogeneity in life history shapes eco‐evolutionary processes, and unobserved can affect demographic outputs characterising population dynamical properties. Demographic frameworks like matrix models or integral projection represent powerful approaches to disentangle mechanisms linking individual histories population‐level processes. Recent developments have provided important steps towards their application study dynamics, but so far has largely been ignored. Here, we...

The effects of oil spills on marine biological systems are great concern, especially in regions with high production harvested resources such as the Northeastern Atlantic. scientific studies impact fish stocks tend to ignore that spatial patterns natural mortality may influence magnitude over time. Here, we first illustrate how variation affect population by considering a thought experiment. Second, consider an empirically based example Northeast Arctic cod extend concept realistic setting....

Abstract The importance of survival and growth variations early in life for population dynamics depends on the degrees compensatory density dependence size at later stages. Quantifying density‐ size‐dependent mortality different juvenile stages is therefore important to understand potentially predict recruitment population. We applied a statistical state‐space modelling approach analyse time series abundance mean body larval fish. focus was identify through successive age intervals, quantify...

Recently, De Pontieu and coworkers discovered a class of spicules that evolve more rapidly than previously known spicules, with rapid apparent motions 50-150 km s−1, thickness few 100 km, lifetimes order 10-60 s. These so-called type II have been difficult to study because limited spatiotemporal thermal resolution. Here we use the IBIS instrument search for high velocities in disk counterpart spicules. We detected evolving events, are less minute often equal cadence (19 s). events...

In high-latitude marine environments, primary producers and their consumers show seasonal peaks of abundance in response to annual light cycle, water column stability nutrient availability. Predatory species have adapted this pattern by synchronising life-history events such as reproduction with prey However, changing temperatures may pose unprecedented challenges decoupling the predator-prey interactions. Here we build a model accounting for full life-cycle fish zooplankton including...

From recent high resolution observations obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope in La Palma, we detect swaying motions of individual filament threads plane sky. The oscillatory character these are comparable Doppler signals from corresponding threads. Simultaneous recordings line sight and sky give information about orientation plane. These oscillations interpreted context magnetohydrodynamic theory. Kink waves supported by thread body proposed as an explanation observed oscillations....

Recently developed theoretical models of stage-structured consumer-resource systems have shown that stage-specific biomass overcompensation can arise in response to increased mortality rates. We parameterized a population model simulate the effects adult caused by pathogen outbreak perch (Perca fluviatilis) Windermere (UK) 1976. The predicts juveniles due shift food-dependent growth and reproduction Considering cannibalism between life stages reinforces this compensatory release from...

Predicted universal responses of ectotherms to climate warming include increased maximum population growth rate and changes in body size through the temperature-size rule. However, mechanisms that would underlie these predicted are not clear. Many studies have focused on proximate physiological processes affecting individual growth. One can also consider ultimate involving adaptive explanations by evaluating temperature effects different vital rates across life history using information a...

Numerical models of ecological systems are increasingly used to address complex environmental and resource management questions. One challenge for scientists, managers, stakeholders is appraise how well suited these answer questions scientific or societal relevance, that is, perform, communicate, access transparent evaluations models. While there have been substantial developments support standardised descriptions models, less has done standardise report model evaluation practices. We...

Long-term changes in the age and size structure of animal populations are well documented, yet their impacts on population productivity poorly understood. Fishery exploitation can be a major driver age-size because fisheries significantly increase mortality often selectively remove larger older fish. Climate change is another potential shifts demographic fish populations. Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod largest Atlantic (Gadus morhua) one world's most important commercial stocks. This has...

Abstract Over the last decades, mass mortality events have become increasingly common across taxa with sometimes devastating effects on population biomass. In aquatic environment, fish are sensitive to events, particularly at early life stages that crucial for dynamics. However, it has recently been shown fish, a single event in typically does not lead collapse. Moreover, frequency and intensity of extreme can cause mortality, such as marine heatwaves, increasing. Here, we show increasing...

Philopatric kin-based societies encourage a narrow breadth of conservative behaviours owing to individuals primarily learning from close kin, promoting behavioural homogeneity. However, weaker social ties beyond and across behaviourally diverse landscape, could be sufficient induce variation greater ecological niche breadth. We investigated network 457 photo-identified killer whales Norway (548 encounters in 2008–2021) with diet data available (46 mixed-diet feeding on both fish mammals, 411...

ABSTRACT Disentangling the roles of fishing and environmental factors in fish stock dynamics is fundamental for sustainable fisheries management. The biomass Norwegian coastal cod north 67°N has varied between periods increase decline recent decades, with declining since 2014. Here we developed a population model this stock. was statistically fitted to survey indices abundance‐ length‐at‐age covariates from 1995 2022. final included negative effect saithe on survival age 1, positive...

Abstract High and variable mortality during the egg larval stages is thought to be an important source of interannual variability in stock size many marine fish. However, quantitative information about these life stages, especially variability, sparse. Here, we used a time-series covering 35 years (1959–1993) survey data estimate northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) Northeast haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Using regression approach based on numbers eggs different developmental calculated...

Significance It is feared that loss of old and large spawners impairs heavily fished fish stocks’ reproductive capacity increases their sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. The Barents Sea cod the world’s largest stock has been reported show increased temperature–recruitment associations in periods with predominantly young small spawners. We here investigate possible causal basis for link between demographic structure recruitment by analyzing long-term egg survey data. Results support...

Anthropogenic factors, including climate warming, are increasing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide. Infectious caused by pathogenic parasites can have severe impacts on host survival, thereby altering selection regime inducing evolutionary responses in their hosts. Knowledge about such consequences natural populations is critical to mitigate potential ecological economic effects. However, studies pathogen-induced trait changes scarce pace change largely unknown,...

Climate warming and harvesting affect the dynamics of species across globe through a multitude mechanisms, including distribution changes. In fish, migrations to on spawning grounds are likely influenced by both climate harvesting. The Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) performs seasonal from its feeding in Barents Sea along Norwegian coast. between has historically changed at decadal scales, mainly due variable use northern southern margins area. Based historical landing records, two...

Abstract Many species of large herbivores are declining in numbers as a consequence direct exploitation or habitat loss. In the Ethiopian highlands, rapid human population growth has resulted an expansion settlements and farmland, threatening many endemic such mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni . Despite being listed endangered species, is still most important trophy hunting Ethiopia. We counted faecal pellets within plots distributed along transects to estimate size identify key...

Predator-mediated apparent competition is an indirect negative interaction between two prey species mediated by a shared predator. Quantifying such ecosystem effects methodologically challenging but important for understanding functioning. Still, there are few examples of from pelagic marine environments. Using state-space statistical modeling, we here provide evidence dominant zooplankton groups in large ecosystem, i.e., krill and copepods the Barents Sea. This effect positive association...

Mass mortality events caused by pulse anthropogenic or environmental perturbations (e.g., extreme weather, toxic spills epizootics) severely reduce the abundance of a population in short time. The frequency and impact these are likely to increase across globe. Studies on how such may affect ecological communities interacting species scarce. By combining multispecies Gompertz model with Bayesian state-space framework, we quantify community-level effects mass event single species. We present...

Abstract Mass mortality events are ubiquitous in nature and can be caused by, for example, diseases, extreme weather human perturbations such as contamination. Despite being prevalent rising globally, how mass early life causes population‐level effects reduced total population biomass, is not fully explored. In particular fish, affecting may dampened by compensatory density‐dependent processes. However, due to large variations year‐class strength, potentially density‐independent variability...

Climate change has a profound impact on species distribution and abundance globally, as well local diversity, which affects ecosystem functioning. In particular, changes in population may lead to trophic interactions. Although can often shift their spatial when suitable habitats are available, it been suggested that predator presence be constraint climate-related shifts. We test this using two well-studied data-rich marine environments. Focusing pair of sympatric fishes, Atlantic haddock...

We present high spatial resolution spectroscopic measurements of dynamic fibrils (DFs) in the Ca {\small{II}} 8662 Å line. These data show clear Doppler shifts identified DFs, which demonstrates that at least a subset DFs are actual mass motions chromosphere. A statistical analysis 26 reveals strong and statistically significant correlation between maximal velocity deceleration. The range velocities decelerations substantially lower, about factor two, our observations compared to earlier...