A5055941537- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
New York University
1993-2023
NYU Langone Health
1992-2020
Advanced Imaging Research (United States)
2018-2020
Bryant University
2017
Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
2016
Brookhaven National Laboratory
2006-2015
National Institutes of Health
2006-2015
Stony Brook University
1992-2014
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine
2013-2014
State University of New York
1994-2014
The distribution volume ratio (DVR), which is a linear function of receptor availability, widely used as model parameter in imaging studies. DVR corresponds to the DV receptor-containing region nonreceptor and generally requires measurement an arterial input function. Here we propose graphical method for determining that does not require blood sampling. This uses data from with average tissue-to-plasma efflux constant k 2 approximate plasma integral. Data positron emission tomography studies...
A graphical method of analysis applicable to ligands that bind reversibly receptors or enzymes requiring the simultaneous measurement plasma and tissue radioactivities for multiple times after injection a radiolabeled tracer is presented. It shown there time t† which plot f t 0 ROI( t') dt'/ROI( t) versus C p ( (where ROI are functions describing variation radioactivity radioactivity, respectively) linear with slope corresponds steady-state space ligand plus volume, V . For two-compartment...
The ability of drugs abuse to increase dopamine in nucleus accumbens underlies their reinforcing effects. However, preclinical studies have shown that with repeated drug exposure neutral stimuli paired the (conditioned stimuli) start by themselves, which is an effect could underlie drug-seeking behavior. Here we test whether increases occur conditioned human subjects addicted cocaine and this associated craving. We tested eighteen cocaine-addicted using positron emission tomography...
Methamphetamine is a popular and highly addictive drug of abuse that has raised concerns because it been shown in laboratory animals to be neurotoxic dopamine terminals. The authors evaluated if similar changes occur humans assessed they were functionally significant.Positron emission tomography scans following administration [(11)C]d-threo-methylphenidate (a transporter ligand) measured levels marker cell terminals) the brains 15 detoxified methamphetamine abusers 18 comparison subjects....
The glymphatic system is a recently defined brain-wide paravascular pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial (ISF) exchange that facilitates efficient clearance of solutes waste from the brain. CSF enters brain along para-arterial channels to with ISF, which in turn cleared para-venous pathways. Because soluble amyloid β depends on function, we proposed failure this contributes plaque deposition Alzheimer's disease progression. Here provide proof concept function can be...
Abstract Decreased dopaminergic function has been postulated to underlie cocaine addiction. To examine the possibility that dysfunction of brain regions subserved by dopamine system could promote self‐administration, positron emission tomography and a dual‐tracer approach was used D 2 receptor availability regional glucose metabolism in abusers. When compared normal controls, abusers showed significant decreases which persisted 3‐4 months after detoxification. Decreases were associated with...
The role of dopamine in the addictive process (loss control and compulsive drug intake) is poorly understood. A consistent finding drug-addicted subjects a lower level D2 receptors. In cocaine abusers, low levels receptors are associated with metabolism orbitofrontal cortex. Because cortex behaviors, its disruption may contribute to intake addicted subjects. This study explored whether similar association occurs methamphetamine abusers.Fifteen abusers 20 non-drug-abusing comparison were...
Objective:The therapeutic effects of methylphenidate in the treatment attention deficit disorder have been attributed to its ability increase synaptic concentration dopamine by blocking transporters. However, levels transporter blockade achieved doses are not known. This study measured, for first time, occupancy orally administered human brain and rate uptake brain. Method:Positron emission tomography (PET) [11C]cocaine were used estimate occupancies after different oral seven normal...
Although it is documented that brain dopamine activity declines with age, the functional significance of this not known. This study assessed relation between measures and indexes motor cognitive function in healthy individuals.Thirty volunteers aged 24-86 years were studied positron emission tomography [11C]raclopride to assess D2 receptors. All subjects underwent a neuropsychological test battery included tasks found be sensitive alterations patients neurodegenerative disease control...
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the most commonly prescribed psychoactive drug in children for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet mechanisms responsible its therapeutic effects are poorly understood.Whereas methylphenidate blocks dopamine transporter (main mechanism removal extracellular dopamine), it unclear whether at doses used therapeutically significantly changes (DA) concentration.Here we positron emission tomography and [ 11 C]raclopride (D2 receptor...
Methamphetamine is a popular drug of abuse that neurotoxic to dopamine (DA) terminals when administered laboratory animals. Studies in methamphetamine abusers have also documented significant loss DA transporters (used as markers the terminal) are associated with slower motor function and decreased memory. The extent which predisposes neurodegenerative disorders such Parkinsonism unclear may depend part on degree recovery. Here we assessed effects protracted abstinence striatum, using...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal electron transfer reactions in polar solventsNeil R. Kestner, Jean Logan, and Joshua JortnerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 21, 2148–2166Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100614a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100614a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations627LEARN...
<h3>Context</h3>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity—is the most prevalent childhood psychiatric that frequently persists into adulthood, there is increasing evidence reward-motivation deficits in this disorder.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate biological bases might underlie a reward/motivation deficit imaging key components brain dopamine reward pathway (mesoaccumbens).<h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3>We...
It has been hypothesized that ethanol's actions on the dopamine (DA) system may participate in addiction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate DA brain alcoholics. We evaluated 10 alcoholics and 17 nonalcoholics using positron emission tomography [ 11 C]raclopride measure D2 receptors. In addition, 5 16 nonalcoholics, we also measured transporters with C] d‐threo methylphenidate. ratio distribution volumes striatum cerebellum, which corresponds B max / K d + 1, used as model parameter...
<h3>Background:</h3> The purposes of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) in human brain, compare them with those cocaine, and evaluate whether cocaine compete for same binding sites. <h3>Methods:</h3> We used positron emission tomography measure temporal spatial distribution carbon 11 (11C)-labeled methylphenidate. These results compared obtained previously [11C]cocaine. Eight healthy male subjects, 20 51 years age, scanned...
Modafinil, a wake-promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy, is increasingly being as cognitive enhancer. Although initially launched distinct from stimulants that increase extracellular dopamine by targeting transporters, recent preclinical studies suggest otherwise.To measure the acute effects of modafinil at doses therapeutically (200 mg and 400 given orally) on transporters in male human brain.Positron emission tomography with [(11)C]raclopride (D(2)/D(3) radioligand sensitive changes...
The value of rewards (natural and drugs) is associated with dopamine increases in the nucleus accumbens varies as a function context. prefrontal cortex has been implicated context dependency fixated high that drugs have addiction, although mechanisms are not properly understood. Here we test hypothesis regulates by modulating this regulation disrupted addicted subjects. We used positron emission tomography to evaluate activity (measuring brain glucose metabolism [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose)...
Abstract The drive for food is one of the most powerful human and animal behaviors. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved with motivation reward, its believed to regulate intake in laboratory animals by modulating rewarding effects through nucleus accumbens (NA). Here we assess involvement dopamine “nonhedonic” humans. Changes extracellular striatum response nonhedonic stimulation (display without consumption) were evaluated 10 food‐deprived subjects (16–20 h) using positron emission...
Several studies have documented a strong association between smoking and depression. Because cigarette smoke has been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A in vitro animals because MAO inhibitors are effective antidepressants, we tested the hypothesis that would be reduced brain of smokers. We compared 15 nonsmokers 16 current smokers with [ 11 C]clorgyline positron emission tomography (PET). Four were also treated antidepressant inhibitor drug, tranylcypromine (10 mg/day for 3 days)...