A5070864751- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Plant and animal studies
- Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Bamboo properties and applications
- Cassava research and cyanide
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
University of Göttingen
2016-2025
Furtwangen University
2016-2024
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
2008-2019
University of Kassel
1999-2019
Witzenhausen-Institut (Germany)
2019
RWTH Aachen University
2015-2016
Max Planck Society
2004-2013
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2003-2007
Leibniz Association
2006
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
2006
Abstract Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study environmental, social and economic consequences land-use in a tropical landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit resulting from forest agroforestry systems to rubber oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground belowground species whole-ecosystem multidiversity....
Abstract We studied tree water uptake patterns, tested for complementary use among species and analysed controlling factors in a tropical diversity experiment. The depth of five was investigated across seasons levels using the natural abundance isotopes (δ 2 H, δ 18 O) modelling. Three distinct acquisition strategies were found trees growing monocultures during dry season: strong reliance (>70%) on soil from upper layer (0–30 cm) ( Cedrela odorata ), deeper layers (>30 equal...
Abstract In the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 1 , large knowledge gaps persist how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated tropical landscapes 2 . Here, we present findings from a large-scale, 5-year restoration experiment an oil palm landscape enriched with 52 tree islands, encompassing assessments of ten indicators 19 functioning. Overall, functioning, as well multidiversity multifunctionality, were higher islands compared conventionally...
Abstract Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that strength at scale underpinned changes species yield. These trends are shaped plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited functional...
The present paper describes matrix-free laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometric imaging (LDI-MSI) of highly localized UV-absorbing secondary metabolites in plant tissues at single-cell resolution. scope and limitations the method are discussed with regard to plants genus Hypericum. Naphthodianthrones such as hypericin pseudohypericin traceable dark glands on Hypericum leaves, placenta, stamens styli; biflavonoids also pollen this important phytomedical plant. highest spatial...
Abstract Agroforestry systems may play a critical role in reducing the vulnerability of farmers' livelihood to droughts as tree‐based provide several mechanisms that can mitigate impacts from extreme weather events. Here, we use replicated throughfall reduction experiment study drought response cacao/ Gliricidia stand over 13‐month period. Soil water content was successfully reduced down soil depth at least 2.5 m. Contrary our expectations measured only relatively small nonsignificant...
Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly dominate certain tropical regions. monocultures have been criticized because of their reduced biodiversity compared to the forests they historically replaced, and negative impact on soils, water, climate. We experimentally test whether less intensive management schemes may enhance lessen detrimental effects environment while maintaining high yields. compare versus conventional fertilization, as well...
Summary 1. Tree plantations play an important role in meeting the growing demand for wood, but there is concern about their high rates of water use. Recent approaches to reforestation tropics involve establishment multispecies plantations, few studies have compared use mixed vs. monospecific stands. 2. We hypothesized that tree species diversity enhances stand transpiration. were estimated monocultures ( n = 5), two‐species mixtures 3), three‐species 3) and five‐species 4). Sap flux...
Significance The ongoing decline of banana yields caused by pathogens and the use toxic chemicals to manage them has attracted considerable attention because importance bananas as a major staple food for more than 400 million people. We demonstrate that secondary metabolites (phenylphenalenones) Musa are reason differences in cultivar resistance, detected phenylphenalenone anigorufone greater concentrations lesions roots nematode-resistant those susceptible one. An vitro bioassay identified...
Merten, J., A. Röll, T. Guillaume, Meijide, S. Tarigan, H. Agusta, C. Dislich, Dittrich, Faust, D. Gunawan, J. Hein, . Hendrayanto, Knohl, Y. Kuzyakov, K. Wiegand, and Hölscher. 2016. Water scarcity oil palm expansion: social views environmental processes. Ecology Society 21(2):5.http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08214-210205
In order to replace particularly biohazardous nematocides, there is a strong drive finding natural product-based alternatives with the aim of containing nematode pests in agriculture. The metabolites produced by fungal endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 when cultivated on rice media were isolated and their structures elucidated. Eleven compounds obtained, which six from spp. for first time. three most potent nematode-antagonistic compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)...
Abstract Agroforestry is widely promoted as a potential solution to address multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, including Zero Hunger, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Life on Land. Nonetheless, agroforests in the tropics often result from direct forest conversions, displacing rapidly vanishing highly biodiverse forests with large carbon stocks, causing undesirable trade‐offs. Scientists thus debate whether promotion of agroforestry tropical landscapes sensible...
Tropical biodiversity is threatened by the expansion of oil-palm plantations. Reduced-impact farming systems such as agroforests, have been proposed to increase and ecosystem functioning. In regions where plantations already dominate landscape, this can only be achieved through systematic ecological restoration. However, our knowledge about underlying socio-economic processes, constraints, trade-offs restoration in landscapes very limited. To bridge gap, we established EFForTS-BEE, a...
Abstract Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on relation seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, ants) vanilla agroforests Madagascar. Agroforests established forests supported overall 23% fewer species 47% endemic than old-growth forests, 14% forest fragments. In contrast, fallows had 12% more 38% fallows....
Significance Finding entry points where policy has strong leverage to transform land systems for people and nature is pivotal. We develop an innovative framework identify evaluate such along land-use trajectories that account path dependency. Applied the biodiversity hotspot Madagascar, reveals three points: Two are associated with trade-offs between biodiversity, ecosystem services, agricultural productivity, while third entails cobenefits. Swift action required, as dependency caused by...
Abstract Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience drought‐related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given whether can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations. We conducted an analysis seedling sapling from 34 globally distributed experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) answer two questions: (1) Do drought alter mean plot‐level survival, with higher less variable as increases? (2)...
The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods rural communities, but comes at cost biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological economic outcomes cultivation. We compared a wide range production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with agronomic management, native tree enrichment. Across all management types, assessed multiple indicators biodiversity, functions,...
In South-east Asia, ENSO-related droughts represent irregularly occurring hazards for agroforestry systems containing cocoa which are predicted to increase in severity with expected climate warming. To characterize the drought response of mature trees, we conducted Sulawesi Throughfall Displacement Experiment a shaded (Gliricidia sepium) system Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Three large sub-canopy roofs were installed reduce throughfall by about 80% over 13-month period test hypotheses that...