Relatively recent work has reported that networks of neurons can produce avalanches activity whose sizes follow a power law distribution. This suggests these may be operating near critical point, poised between phase where rapidly dies out and is amplified over time. The hypothesis the electrical neural in brain potentially important, as many simulations suggest information processing functions would optimized at point. hypothesis, however, still controversial. Here we will explain concept...

The performance of complex networks, like the brain, depends on how effectively their elements communicate. Despite importance communication, it is virtually unknown information transferred in local cortical consisting hundreds closely spaced neurons. To address this, important to record simultaneously from neurons at a spacing that matches typical axonal connection distances, and temporal resolution synaptic delays. We used 512-electrode array (60 μm spacing) spontaneous activity 20 kHz up...

Neural systems include interactions that occur across many scales. Two divergent methods for characterizing such have drawn on the physical analysis of critical phenomena and mathematical study information. Inferring criticality in neural has traditionally rested fitting power laws to property distributions "neural avalanches" (contiguous bursts activity), but fractal nature avalanche shapes recently emerged as another signature criticality. On other hand, complexity, an information...

Recent work has shown that functional connectivity among cortical neurons is highly varied, with a small percentage of having many more connections than others. Also, recent theoretical developments now make it possible to quantify how modify information from the they receive. Therefore, investigate modification, or computation, depends on number neuron receives (in-degree) sends out (out-degree). To do this, we recorded simultaneous spiking activity hundreds in cortico-hippocampal slice...

The analysis of neural systems leverages tools from many different fields. Drawing on techniques the study critical phenomena in statistical mechanics, several studies have reported signatures criticality systems, including power-law distributions, shape collapses, and optimized quantities under tuning. Independently, complexity - an information theoretic measure has been introduced effort to quantify strength correlations across multiple scales a system. This represents important tool...

Understanding the detailed circuitry of functioning neuronal networks is one major goals neuroscience. Recent improvements in recording techniques have made it possible to record spiking activity from hundreds neurons simultaneously with sub-millisecond temporal resolution. Here we used a 512-channel multielectrode array system organotypic cultures cortico-hippocampal brain slices mice. To probe network structure, employed wavelet transform cross-correlogram categorize functional...

To understand how neural circuits process information, it is essential to identify the relationship between computation and circuit organization. Rich clubs, highly interconnected sets of neurons, are known propagate a disproportionate amount information within cortical circuits. Here, we test hypothesis that rich clubs also perform computation. do so, recorded spiking activity on average ∼300 well-isolated individual neurons from organotypic cultures. We then constructed weighted, directed...

The directionality of network information flow dictates how networks process information. A central component processing in both biological and artificial neural is their ability to perform synergistic integration–a type computation. We established previously that integration varies directly with the strength feedforward flow. However, relationships between recurrent feedback remain unknown. To address this, we analyzed spiking activity hundreds neurons organotypic cultures mouse cortex....

Abstract A key feature of compulsive alcohol drinking is continuing to drink despite negative consequences. To examine the changes in neural activity that underlie this behavior, was assessed a validated rodent model heritable risk for excessive (alcohol preferring (P) rats). Neural measured dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC—a brain region involved maladaptive decision-making) and via change point analyses novel principal component analyses. population representations specific...

Neuropsychiatric disorders are caused by many factors and produce a wide range of symptomatic maladaptive behaviors in patients. Despite this great variance causes resulting behavior, we believe the that characterize neuropsychiatric most proximally determined networks neurons forms common conceptual link between these disorders. Operating from premise, it follows treating to reduce behavior can be accomplished modifying patient’s network neurons. In proof-of-concept computational psychiatry...

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of multiplex networks--interdependent networks with shared nodes and different types connections--in systems primarily outside neuroscience. Though properties are frequently not considered, most actually specific features can greatly affect network behavior (e.g. fault tolerance). Thus, study neurons could potentially be enhanced using a perspective. Given wide range temporally dependent rhythms phenomena present in neural systems, we chose to...

Figure 1 (A) Neurons were classified as hubs, non-hubs, or unconnected neurons at all time scales (10 discrete ranging logarithmically from 0.05 -3 ms to 0.75 s).(B) Hub function hubs isolated scales, while non-hubs operate many scales.Null model: chance sharing with matched number of and (i.e.independent networks instead multiplex networks).Significance values was assessed a multiple comparison corrected Mann-Whitney test (1, 2, 3 dots: p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001).

Neural information processing is widely understood to depend on correlations in neuronal activity. However, whether correlation favorable or not contentious. Here, we sought determine how correlated activity and are related cortical circuits. Using recordings of hundreds spiking neurons organotypic cultures mouse neocortex, asked mutual between that feed into a common third neuron increased synergistic by the receiving neuron. We found were positively at synaptic timescales (0.05–14 ms),...

Abstract Early life trauma is a risk factor for number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). The current study assessed how an early traumatic event, maternal deprivation (MD), alters cognition and brain function in rodents. Rats were maternally deprived the postnatal period then recognition memory (RM) was tested adulthood using novel object task. expression catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) quantified medial prefrontal cortex...

Abstract The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in guiding decision making, and its function is altered by alcohol use an individual’s innate risk for excessive drinking. primary goal of this work was to determine how neural activity the PFC guides drink. Towards goal, within-session changes were measured from medial (mPFC) rats performing drinking procedure that allowed them consume or abstain self-paced manner. Recordings obtained either lacked expressed intake, Wistar...

Oxidation behavior of additively manufactured ZrB2–SiC in air and CO2 is reported the temperature range 700–1000 °C. Observed scale morphologies were similar, featuring an outer borosilicate layer inner porous zirconia containing partially oxidized silicon carbide particles remnant products. Oxide thicknesses parabolic scaling constants approximately twice those observed across all studied temperatures. Activation energies for oxidation 140 ± 20 kJ/mol 110 determined, indicating similar...

Information theory is widely accepted as a powerful tool for analyzing complex systems and it has been applied in many disciplines. Recently, some central components of information - multivariate measures have found expanded use the study several phenomena. These differ subtle yet significant ways. Here, we will review behind each measure, well examine differences between these by applying them to simple model systems. In addition systems, illustrate usefulness neural spiking data from...

Abstract Neuropsychiatric disorders are caused by many factors and produce a wide range of symptomatic maladaptive behaviors in patients. Despite this great variance causes resulting behavior, we believe the that characterize neuropsychiatric most proximally determined networks neurons forms common conceptual link between these disorders. Operating from premise, it follows treating to reduce behavior can be accomplished modifying patient’s network neurons. In proof-of-concept computational...

The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in guiding decision-making, and its function is altered by alcohol use an individual’s innate risk for excessive drinking. primary goal of this work was to determine how neural activity the guides decision drink. Towards goal, within-session changes were measured from medial (mPFC) rats performing drinking procedure that allowed them consume or abstain self-paced manner. Recordings obtained either lacked expressed intake - Wistar Alcohol Preferring...

For the past two years, Foundations in Physics and Mathematics (FPM) summer program has been held at Indiana University order to fulfill goals: provide additional physics mathematics instruction high school level, graduate students with experience autonomy designing curricula teaching courses. In this paper we will detail changes made for its second year motivation these changes, as well implications future iterations of program. We gauge impact on student performance using pre-/post-test...

A key facet of alcohol use disorder is continuing to drink despite negative consequences (so called "aversion-resistant drinking"). In this study, we sought assess the degree which head-fixed mice exhibit aversion-resistant drinking and leverage behavioral analysis techniques available in head-fixture relate non-consummatory behaviors drinking. We assessed female male C57BL/6J mice. adulterated 20% (v/v) with varying concentrations bitter tastant quinine measure would continue aversive...