The petals of ornamental plants such as roses (Rosa spp.) are the most economically important organs. This delicate, short-lived plant tissue is highly susceptible to pathogens, in large part because walls petal cells typically thinner and more flexible compared with leaf cells, allowing fold bend without breaking. cell wall a dynamic structure that rapidly alters its composition response pathogen infection, thereby reinforcing stability boosting resistance against diseases. However, little...

As a novel protein knockdown tool, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) can induce potent degradation of target proteins by hijacking E3 ubiquitin ligases. However, the uncontrollable disruption PROTACs is prone to cause "off-target" toxicity after systemic administration. Herein, we designed photocaged-PROTAC (phoBET1) and loaded it in UCNPs-based mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UMSNs) construct NIR light-activatable PROTAC nanocage (UMSNs@phoBET1) for controllable degradation. Upon...

One of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide, roses (Rosa sp.), are very susceptible to Botrytis gray mold disease. The necrotrophic infection rose petals by B. cinerea causes collapse and death these tissues in both growth post-harvest stages, resulting serious economic losses. To understand molecular basis resistance against cinerea, we profiled petal transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology. We identified differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) during at 30 h post inoculation (hpi)...

The WRKYs are a major family of plant transcription factors that play roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, comprehensive study WRKY roses (Rosa sp.) has not previously been performed.In present study, we performed genome-wide analysis genes rose chinensis), including their phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, chromosomal locations, collinearity. Using analysis, divided 56 RcWRKY into three subgroups. RcWRKYs were unevenly distributed across all seven...

Abstract Background The AP2/ERFs belong to a large family of transcription factors in plants. AP2/ERF gene has been identified as key player involved both biotic and abiotic stress responses plants, however, no comprehensive study yet carried out on the rose ( Rosa sp.), most important ornamental crop worldwide. Results present comprises genome-wide analysis genes RcERFs ) rose, involving their identification, structure, phylogenetic relationship, chromosome localization, collinearity...

Wall-associated kinase (WAK)/WAK-like (WAKL) is one of the subfamily receptor like kinases (RLK). Although previous studies reported that WAK/WAKL played an important role in plant cell elongation, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, there are no systematic on RcWAK/RcWAKL rose.In this study, we identified a total 68 gene family members within rose (Rosa chinensis) genome. The RcWAKs contained extracellular galacturonan-binding domain calcium-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like...

The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) play critical often opposite roles during growth, development, responses to abiotic biotic stresses. Rose (Rosa sp.) is an economically important ornamental crop sold as cut flowers. petals are extremely susceptible gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. infection of rose B. cinerea leads tissue collapse rot, causing severe economic losses. In this study, we showed that CK ABA in susceptibility...

Hyperlipidemia is a global health risk factor, and its development closely related to the absorption metabolism of lipids in intestine. In this study, Auricularia auricula polysaccharide, Tremella hawthorn flavonoids were mixed by equal weight (HDC), then effect on intervention intestine blood hyperlipidemic rats high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. The results revealed that HDC significantly inhibited hyperlipidemia reduced lipid levels fat accumulation. addition, improved edema...

Abstract Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is one of most destructive diseases in rose (Rosa spp.). Rose infection B. leads to severe economic losses due necrosis, tissue collapse, and rot. In rose, cytokinins (CKs) positively regulate a defense response cinerea, but little known about underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterized two ethylene/jasmonic acid-regulated transcription factors, RhEFR005 RhCCCH12, that bind promoter region...

Plastic‐house experiments were conducted over a 2‐year period (2004–05) to estimate the effects of successive applications flumorph or mixture with mancozeb cucumber plants on selection for resistance in downy mildew oomycete, Pseudoperonospora cubensis . Application alone favoured resistant isolates Ps. Resistant populations detected at frequency 2·5% after six plastic house 2004. also (4·8%) eight and 2004, although gave significantly better disease control than produced slight delay...

Rosa hybrida is a valuable ornamental, food and medicinal crop worldwide, but with relatively limited molecular marker resources, especially for flower-specific markers. In this study, we performed genomic floral transcriptomic sequencing of modern rose. We obtained comprehensive nucleotide information, from which numerous potential simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were identified found to have high rates amplification failure PCR product redundancy. applied filtering strategy BLAST...

Abstract Lily is a popular flower around the world not only because of its elegant appearance, but also due to appealing scent. Little known about regulation volatile compound biosynthesis in lily Here, we conducted an approach combining two-dimensional analysis and weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) explore candidate genes regulating scent production. In approach, changes emissions corresponding expression profiles at four developmental stages circadian times were both captured by...

Viable cells of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (CMM), the causal agent bacterial canker tomato, were discriminated from dead by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), after solution was treated with DNA binding dye ethidium monoazide (EMA). The primers and TaqMan probe, based on 16S‐23S rDNA spacer sequences, highly specific for CMM at subspecies level. detection limit direct PCR 10 3 colony forming units per mL (cfu −1 ) in samples an apparent sensitivity 2 cfu target...

On-site detection of multiple small-molecule analytes in complex sample matrixes would be highly valuable for diverse biosensing applications. Paper electrochemical devices (PEDs) offer an especially appealing sensing platform such applications due to their low cost, portability, and ease use. Using oligonucleotide-based aptamers as biorecognition elements, we here the first time have developed a simple, inexpensive procedure fabrication aptamer-modified multiplex PEDs (mPEDs), which can...

The sensitivity of 127 Phytophthora infestans isolates to flumorph was determined in 2003 and 2004. originated from two geographical regions showed similar levels both years. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as a unimodal curve with EC 50 values for growth mycelia ranging 0·1016 0·3228 µ g mL −1 , mean 0·1813 (± 0·0405) . There no cross‐resistance between metalaxyl. Laboratory studies conducted evaluate the risk P. developing resistance flumorph. Mutants resistant metalaxyl or...

Colletotrichum truncatum (syn. C. capsici) is an important plant pathogen that has a wide host range including pepper, eggplant, muskmelon, chickpea, grapes, and many other species of plants (1,2). Anthracnose fruit rot incited by coccodes prevalent disease in some major tomato (Solanum esculentum) producing regions China. In October 2012, anthracnose symptoms (circular, sunken lesions with spore masses produced black acervuli) were observed on ripe Fuzhou City Fujian Province, Three...

Fresh-cut roses (Rosa hybrida) are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide, with annual trade in billions dollars. Gray mold disease caused by pathogen Botrytis cinerea is serious fungal threat to cut roses, causing extensive postharvest losses. In this study, we optimized a detached petal disc assay (DPDA) for artificial B. inoculation and quantification symptoms rose petals. Furthermore, as identification genes involved resistance could provide useful genetic genomic...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to play important roles in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic gene regulation various biological processes. However, lncRNAs their regulatory remain poorly studied horticultural plants. Rose is economically not only for wide use as garden cut flowers but also sources of natural fragrance perfume cosmetics industry, presently little was known about the mechanism floral scent production. In this paper, a RNA-Seq analysis with...

Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants, accounting for one-third world's fresh cut flower market. The vase life refers to period a retaining its appearance in vase. During this period, rose was subjected variety abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting reduction flowers. Numerous studies have been carried out on rose, which proves effects various plant hormones post-harvest dehydration, petal senescence abscission, disease In addition, natural or synthetic inhibitor successfully...

Baseline sensitivity to flumorph, a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide used control some oomycetes, was examined using 83 Phytophthora capsici isolates, resulting in unimodal distribution of effective concentration for 50% inhibition mycelial growth ranging from 0·716 1·363, with mean 1·033 ± 0·129 μg mL −1 . To assess the potential risk developing flumorph resistance, 13 flumorph‐resistant mutants P. were obtained ultraviolet irradiation. Most these and their progeny had high levels...

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a severe disease and results in large losses pepper (Capsicum frutescens) production China (4). boninense one of the species China. In August 2011, anthracnose symptoms (circular, sunken lesions with orange to black spore masses) were observed on fruits De-Yang, Sichuan Province, Three single-spore isolates (SC-6-1, SC-6-2, SC-6-3) obtained from infected fruits. A 5-mm diameter plug was transferred potato dextrose agar (PDA); formed colonies...