Once thought to be a remnant of cell division, the midbody (MB) has recently been shown have roles beyond its primary function orchestrating abscission. Despite emerging post-abscission MBs, how MBs accumulate in cytoplasm and signal regulate cellular functions remains unknown. Here, we show that extracellular can internalized by interphase cells, where they reside as membrane-bound signaling structure named MBsome. We demonstrate MBsomes stimulate proliferation MBsome formation is...

ABSTRACT Mitochondria are known primarily as the location of electron transport chain and energy production in cells. More recently, mitochondria have been shown to be signaling centers for apoptosis inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by-products within significantly impact cellular pathways. Because toxic nature ROS, possess an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), neutralize ROS. If mitochondrial enzymes overwhelmed during severe infections, dysfunction can...

Highlights•Skin-resident Langerhans cells use actin-rich dynamic dendrites to surveil the skin•Langerhans engulf damaged keratinocytes through a ramified-to-rounded shape transition•Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) regulates cell morphology and dendrite dynamics•ROCK inhibition decreases responses keratinocyte tissue damageSummarySkin damage requires efficient immune restore organ function. Epidermal-resident known as dendritic protrusions skin microenvironment, which contains peripheral axons....

Immune cells rapidly respond to tissue damage through dynamic properties of the cytoskeleton. How microtubules control immune cell functions during injury responses remains poorly understood. Within skin, tissue-resident macrophages known as Langerhans use dendrites surveil epidermis for and migrate a densely packed epithelium wounds. Here, we within adult zebrafish model investigate roles in surveillance, phagocytosis, directed migration. We describe microtubule organization cells, show...

Somatosensory neurons extend enormous peripheral axons to the skin, where they detect diverse environmental stimuli. are easily damaged due their small caliber and superficial location. Axonal damage results in Wallerian degeneration, creating vast quantities of cellular debris that phagocytes must remove maintain organ homeostasis. The mechanisms ensure efficient clearance axon from stratified adult skin unknown. Here, we established zebrafish scales as a tractable model study degeneration...

ABSTRACT The post-mitotic midbody (MB) is a remnant of cytokinesis that can be asymmetrically inherited by one the daughter cells following cytokinesis. Until recently, MB was thought to degraded immediately However, recent evidence suggests protein-rich organelle accumulates in stem cell and cancer populations, indicating it may have functions. Here, we investigate role FYCO1, an LC3-binding protein (herein, LC3 refers MAP1LC3B), its function regulating degradation MBs. We show FYCO1...

During mitotic cell division, the actomyosin cytoskeleton undergoes several dynamic changes that play key roles in progression through mitosis. Although regulators of cytokinetic ring formation and contraction are well established, proteins regulate cortical stability during anaphase telophase have been understudied. Here, we describe a role for CLIC4 regulating actin at cortex cleavage furrow cytokinesis. We first as new component is required successful completion division. also demonstrate...

The phagocyte respiratory burst is part of the innate immune response to pathogen infection and involves production reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are toxic function kill phagocytized microorganisms. In vivo quantification phagocyte-derived provides information regarding an organism's ability mount a robust response. Here we describe protocol quantify compare in whole zebrafish embryos upon chemical induction burst. This method makes use non-fluorescent compound that becomes fluorescent...

Summary Macrophages phagocytose and thereby eliminate a wide array of extracellular threats, ranging from antibody-coated bacteria to apoptotic cells. Precision modulation phagocytosis has emerged as therapeutic strategy across range diseases, but is limited by our incomplete understanding how macrophages recognize, engulf, respond different phagocytic targets. Here, we undertook systematic investigation the morphological, biophysical regulatory differences between two major types...

Immune cells depend on rapid changes in intracellular calcium activity to modulate cell function. Skin contains diverse immune types and is critically dependent signaling for homeostasis repair, yet the dynamics functions of skin remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize Langerhans cells, skin-resident macrophages responsible surveillance clearance cellular debris after tissue damage. reside epidermis extend dynamic dendrites close proximity adjacent keratinocytes somatosensory...

Abscission is a complex cellular process that required for mitotic division. It well established coordinated and localized changes in actin microtubule dynamics are vital cytokinetic ring formation, as establishment of the abscission site. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization during would not be possible without interplay between Rab11- Rab35-containing endosomes their effector proteins, whose roles regulating endocytic pathways at cleavage furrow have now been studied extensively. Here, we...

The phagocyte respiratory burst is part of the innate immune response to pathogen infection and involves production reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are toxic function kill phagocytized microorganisms. In vivo quantification phagocyte-derived provides information regarding an organism's ability mount a robust response. Here we describe protocol quantify compare in whole zebrafish embryos upon chemical induction burst. This method makes use non-fluorescent compound that becomes fluorescent...

ABSTRACT Immune cells depend on rapid changes in intracellular calcium activity to modulate cell function. Skin contains diverse immune types and is critically dependent signaling for homeostasis repair, yet the dynamics functions of skin remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize Langerhans cells, skin-resident macrophages responsible surveillance clearance cellular debris after tissue damage. reside epidermis extend dynamic dendrites close proximity adjacent keratinocytes...

Abstract During mitotic cell division, the actomyosin cytoskeleton undergoes several dynamic changes that play key roles in progression through mitosis. While regulators of cytokinetic ring formation and contraction are well-established, proteins regulate cortical stability during anaphase telophase have been understudied. Here, we describe a role for CLIC4 regulating actin actin-regulators at cortex cleavage furrow cytokinesis. We first as new component is required successful completion...

Summary Somatosensory neurons extend enormous peripheral axons to the skin, where they detect diverse environmental stimuli. are easily damaged due their small caliber and superficial location. Axonal damage results in Wallerian degeneration, creating vast quantities of cellular debris that phagocytes must remove maintain organ homeostasis. The mechanisms ensure efficient clearance axon from stratified adult skin unknown. Here, we establish zebrafish scales as a tractable model study...

ABSTRACT Skin is often the first physical barrier to encounter invading pathogens and damage. Damage skin must be resolved quickly efficiently maintain organ homeostasis. Epidermal-resident immune cells known as Langerhans use dendritic protrusions dynamically surveil microenvironment, which contains epithelial keratinocytes somatosensory peripheral axons. The mechanisms governing cell dendrite dynamics responses tissue damage are not well understood. Using explants from adult zebrafish, we...

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors selection papers published in Journal Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Lai Kuan Dionne and Eric Peterman are co-first on ‘FYCO1 regulates accumulation post-mitotic midbodies by mediating LC3-dependent midbody degradation’, Science. post-doctoral associate lab Moe Mahjoub at Washington University School Medicine, investigating molecular mechanisms secretion health...