The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects emulsion type and process parameters on properties CPX-loaded PLGA microspheres in order obtain delivery systems suitable for treatment dairy mastitis. microsphere size analyzed by photon correlation spectrophotometry. Determination drug loading achieved HPLC. It found that prepared using a w/o/w double technology were slightly larger (∼ 3-5 μm) but much higher content 18 % w/w) than those obtained o/w single preparation (average 2 μm,...

Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, is a critical economic issue in dairy industry. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to mastitis-causing pathogens poses significant threat operations Thailand and Cambodia. This study investigates AMR mastitis It focuses on detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), enterococci by identifying presence mecA, vanA, vanB genes bacterial isolates. A total 65 isolates (55 from 10...

Background/Objectives: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of metallic oxide nanoparticles, especially zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), in inhibiting a wide range bacteria isolated from animal wounds, indicating their potential as alternative antimicrobial therapies veterinary medicine. Method: The disc diffusion technique, broth microdilution and time-kill kinetic assay were performed antibacterial activity ZnO-NPs. Results: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) scanning (SEM showed...

Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, indiscriminate comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute development antimicrobial-resistant strains bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from or aquatic environment quite common. The frequent detection antimicrobial resistance their environments inevitable so as decrease...

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that currently considered an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR). Increasing antibiotic resistance can lead to the unsuccessful treatment of S. infection. Recently, many investigations medicinal plants were conducted for infection as result increase antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aims this study determine chemical composition essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry and antibacterial activities clove on MDR suis. Using...

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from both quarter teat-tip swabs and their milk samples were evaluated in smallholder dairy farms northern Thailand with excessive use antibiotics (HIGH) compared normal (NORM). Results swab showed that the percentage Bacillus spp. to overall was significantly lower NORM group than HIGH group, whereas, coagulase-negative staphylococci higher one. The mastitis-causing bacteria isolated environmental streptococci (13.8%), (9.9%),...

The objective of this study was to determine cow characteristics and farm management factors during the dry period associated with early postparturient intramammary infection (IMI) subsequent clinical mastitis (CM). Data were collected three times: before drying off (P1), (P2), 5 14 days after calving (P3), using questionnaires investigation. Milk samples aseptically for bacterial identification at P1 P3. Factors IMI CM analyzed multiple logistic regression models. final model showed that in...

The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic and lauric caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven were isolated from sub-clinical clinical cases for study. An initial screening their antibacterial by agar well diffusion method was performed. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bactericidal (MBC) each obtained using a microdilution method; diluted stock solution then with culture broth reach concentrations ranging...

The use of metal oxide nanoparticles as an alternative antimicrobial agent has gained attention due to the increasing problem resistance. Understanding its properties and potential benefits can contribute development more effective sustainable treatments in veterinary medicine. aim this study was characterize TiO2-NP formulations evaluate their antibacterial wound healing abilities. diameters zeta potentials were determined using Zetasizer conjunction with dynamic light scattering. agar-well...

Clove oil ethanolic solution (CL-EtOH) have always been used for fish anesthesia. However, ethanol causes major side effect of hypersensivity. In this study, clove loaded nanoemulsion (CLN) was developed in order to enhance water miscibility without using the preparations. The obtained CLN characterized terms droplet size, size distribution expressed as polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. anesthetic comparison with CL-EtOH on Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) investigated....

Intramammary infection (IMI) from the environment and infected quarters can cause co-infection. The objective of this study was to determine ability coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) survive in same as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli major pathogens. In total, 15 242 CNS strains were used Experiment I II, respectively. Both experiments separated into three conditions: culture with 24 h before (PRIOR), after (AFTER), at time (EQUAL). lack a clear zone,...

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Experiment I evaluated concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 mg/L 100, 200, 300, 400 for times induction recovery from anesthesia. II divided into 16 groups, combining pairs at varying concentrations, based dosage chemicals experiment I. The results showed that induced 50 70 mg/L, with durations 256.5 171.5 s, respectively. In contrast, did not induce...

Poor mastitis control favors intramammary infection (IMI), which always involves CNS. This study aimed to determine the relationships of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in milk with concurrent infection, bacterial pathogens, SCC, MDA, an oxidative stress marker. All quarters from five smallholder dairy farms were sampled aseptically before morning milking again afternoon for bacteriological identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The samples concomitant between streptococci CNS their pairs...

The objective of this study was to determine the contamination aflatoxin B1 (AF-B1) when keeping various dairy feeds in a farm environment. carried out from March May 2011 and involved 63 small holder farms belonging single cooperative Chiang Mai province, Thailand. All feed samples used for milking cows including 4 commercial concentrates (CC1 CC4), by-products local corn processing factories fermented plastic bags (SIL), cob meal or dust (CCD). Feed were collected 2 times at before after...

Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is one widely cultured fish in Thailand. Handling processes and transportation causes high stress Nile tilapia. This study explores anesthetic effect reduction of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) on The activity was evaluated by the time for induction to anesthesia full recovery. It found that suitable dose AGO caused desirable tilapia 700 mg/L. gave recovery times approximately 257 438 sec, respectively. Blood glucose plasma cortisol anesthetized with showed...

Aquaculture has undergone extensive development in recent decades due to its use as a source of protein for human consumption, models scientific research, and pets. The purpose this study was survey ornamental fish stores Chiang Mai province, Thailand identify practices which affect life quality welfare pet including general management, biosecurity knowledge about disease drug usage store owners. results show that most have poor husbandry terms health based on the observed incidence skin...

The aim of the study was to determine feed and storage factors associated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in bulk milk dairy farms. conducted from May July 2016, at all smallholder farms Mae Wang cooperative, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Data on were collected farmers using interviews observations. For feed, we included type roughage physical appearance concentrated for factor, method roughages. AFM1 concentration measured Charm® ROSA® MRLAFMQ (aflatoxin M1) Test. Fisher's exact chi-square...

The aim of this study was to determine the screening for antimicrobial properties against mastitis pathogens turmeric extract in combination with various antiseptics. antibacterial effects antiseptics (5% povidone iodine, 0.5% v/v hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorine (Cl2), and chlorhexidine) were determined using agar welldiffusion method. Results showed that additional had significantly decreased activities either Cl2or chlorhexidine almost all pathogens, except S. agalactiaefor Cl2 gram...

The microbial ecology in mastitis involves the interactions between bacteria and mammary gland environment. Poor control, for which understanding these relationships is crucial, increases risk of co-infections. aim this study was to determine pathogenesis bacterial murine glands following intramammary infection (IMI) with

Microsomal aromatase enzymes of humans and rats have been used in antiaromatase assays, but enzyme activity is species-specific. The current study extracted hepatic microsomes Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to investigate compare the chrysin, quercetin, quercitrin. This was evaluated using a dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) assay. Results revealed that age body weight affected yield microsomes. Extraction most effective when reaction medium with pH 8.0. A DBF assay significant differences...