Background and Purpose— Cell death, especially apoptosis, occurred in brain tissues after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We examined the relationships between apoptosis disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB), edema, mortality an established endovascular perforation model male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods— A pan–caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK) was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour before 6 hours SAH. Expression caspase-3 positive TUNEL as markers for apoptosis. Results— Apoptosis mostly...

Diploid Saccharomyces cells experiencing a double-strand break (DSB) on one homologous chromosome repair the by RAD51-mediated gene conversion >98% of time.However, when extensive sequences are restricted to side DSB, can occur both RAD51-dependent and RAD51independent break-induced replication (BIR) mechanisms.Here we characterize kinetics checkpoint dependence BIR DSB is created within chromosome.Gene products appear 2 h, there little, if any, induction DNA damage checkpoint; however,...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with an increased risk developing lifestyle-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebral vessel disease. No current drug therapy provides the ideal effects decreasing inflammation while simultaneously improving fibrosis. Liraglutide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that affects histological findings in patients non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This...

The layer-by-layer assembly between cationic chitosan and anionic dextran sulfate was analyzed quantitatively by a quartz crystal microbalance technique in the absence presence of 0.2, 0.5, 1 M NaCl polymer solution. apparent film thickness increased upon increasing concentration. anti- versus procoagulant activity these films against whole human blood studied immersion substrate into for 30 min incubation time at 37 °C. coated with varying concentrations step numbers. There critical...

MutS, MutL, and DNA helicase II are required for the mismatch-provoked excision step that occurs during<i>Escherichia coli</i> methyl-directed mismatch repair. In this study MutL is shown to enhance unwinding activity of more than 10-fold on a conventional substrate in which 35-residue oligonucleotide annealed M13 circular single-stranded phage under conditions where two proteins present at approximately molar stoichiometry with respect substrate. MutS- MutL-dependent activation has also...

The ability to induce synchronously a single site-specific double-strand break (DSB) in budding yeast chromosome has made it possible monitor the kinetics and genetic requirements of many molecular steps during DSB repair. Special attention been paid switching mating-type genes Saccharomyces cerevisiae , process initiated by HO endonuclease cleaving MAT locus. A is repaired homologous recombination—specifically, gene conversion—using heterochromatic donor, HML α. Repair results replacement...

In the presence of catalytic amounts trialkylsilyl triflate and triethylamine, unactivated amides react with imines to afford corresponding Mannich-type adducts in high yields anti selectivities. While silicon enolates have been widely used organic synthesis for four decades, this is first example use species, best our knowledge. Moreover, it noteworthy that simple bearing α-protons are less acidic than those ketones aldehydes can be successfully direct-type addition reactions. Finally, a...

The direct C3-arylation of N-unsubstituted indoles with aryl chlorides and triflates has been realized using a palladium–dihydroxyterphenylphosphine (DHTP) catalyst. site selectivity is different from that obtained other structurally related ligands. This unique feature the DHTP ligand attributed to complex formation between lithium salts indole. method was applied late-stage derivatization pharmaceuticals having chloro group.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAlternating Bioactivity of Polymeric Layer-by-Layer Assemblies: Anti- vs Procoagulation Human Blood on Chitosan and Dextran Sulfate LayersTakeshi Serizawa, Miyuki Yamaguchi, Takahisa Matsuyama, Mitsuru AkashiView Author Information Department Applied Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Faculty Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, 890-0065, Japan Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2000, 1, 3, 306–309Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2000Publication...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication the EditorNEXTEnzymatic Hydrolysis of a Layer-by-Layer Assembly Prepared from Chitosan and Dextran SulfateTakeshi Serizawa, Miyuki Yamaguchi, Mitsuru AkashiView Author Information Department Nanostructured Advanced Materials, Graduate School Science Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-40, 890-0065, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 23, 8656–8658Publication Date (Web):October 4, 2002Publication History...

The hydra-zone: first example of asymmetric InI catalysis had been developed. combined with a chiral semicorrin ligand (L*) is an effective catalyst for enantioselective allylation, crotylation, and α-chloroallylation hydrazones. In the two latter cases, CC bond formations proceeded high selectivity where both reactive aliphatic CCl aromatic OH bonds were tolerated. Detailed facts importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents peer-reviewed, but...

Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for high-fidelity DNA repair during mitotic proliferation and meiosis. Yet, context-specific modifications must tailor the machinery to avoid (mitosis) or enforce (meiosis) formation of reciprocal exchanges—crossovers—between recombining chromosomes. To obtain molecular insight into how crossover control achieved, we affinity purified 7 DNA-processing enzymes that channel HR intermediates crossovers noncrossovers from vegetative cells undergoing...

Degrading films: Surface-component-dependent and time-controlled degradation of a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly comprising DNA cationic synthetic polymer is demonstrated through enzymatic hydrolysis by DNase I (see picture). The negatively charged enzyme preserved on the surface in an inactive state, changes concentrations essential Mg2+ Ca2+ ions are used to control activity enzyme, thus desorption assembly. fabrication ultrathin films materials modifies intact characteristics without...

The maize, cut-and-paste transposon Ac/Ds is mobile in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and DNA sequences of repair products provide strong genetic evidence that hairpin intermediates form host during this transposition, similar to those formed for V(D)J coding joints vertebrates. Both strands must be broken excise, suggesting double-strand break (DSB) pathways should involved excision sites. In the absence homologous template, as expected, Ac excisions are repaired by nonhomologous end joining...

A dihydroxyterphenylphosphine bearing cyclohexyl groups on the phosphorus atom (Cy-DHTP) was found to be a powerful ligand for palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of substituted benzo[b]furans from 2-chlorophenols and terminal alkynes. This catalyst system also applicable sequential disubstituted dichlorophenols via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling chlorobenzo[b]furan with boronic acids. The use two ligands, Cy-DHTP XPhos, is key promoting reactions. Mechanistic studies suggest that...

A three-step synthetic method for the preparation of fluoranthenes, involving Miura's intermolecular C-H arylation, nonaflation, and intramolecular has been developed. Various 1-naphthols haloarenes were successfully used as substrates. Reaction conditions that afford high site selectivity have developed arylation step.

Disubstituted benzo[b]furans were synthesized by ortho-selective Sonogashira coupling of dichlorophenols and terminal alkynes, followed cyclization Suzuki-Miyaura in one pot, using a palladium-dihydroxyterphenylphosphine (Cy-DHTP) catalyst. The use substoichiometric amounts tetrabutylammonium chloride was effective accelerating the coupling. This protocol also successfully applied to one-pot synthesis disubstituted indoles from dichloroaniline derivatives.

4-Chloroindoles were synthesized from readily available 2,3-dichloroaniline derivatives and terminal alkynes. The catalyst composed of palladium dicyclohexyl(dihydroxyterphenyl)phosphine (Cy-DHTP) enabled ortho-selective Sonogashira coupling, subsequent cyclization afforded 4-chloroindoles in high yields. This transformation was successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis 2,4-disubstituted indoles via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling after indole formation.

Pd-catalyzed, site-selective mono-cross-coupling of substrates with two identical halo groups is a useful method for synthesizing substituted monohalogenated arenes. Such arenes constitute an important class compounds, which are commonly identified as drug components and synthetic intermediates. Traditionally, these reactions have been realized in “substrate-controlled” manner, based on the steric electronic differences between carbon-halogen bonds substrate. Recently, alternative strategy,...

Herein, we present a safe and practical methodology for synthesizing symmetrical sulfides using iodoarenes potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5). While K2S2O5 is known as convenient sulfur dioxide surrogate, here it acts divalent source, pioneering its potential utility. The reaction exhibits wide substrate generality in which even highly bulky substrates can be applied to afford sterically congested sulfides.

Abstract Strontium hexamethyldisilazide, combined with a chiral bis(sulfonamide) ligand, was found to be very effective for the catalytic asymmetric Michael addition of malonate chalcone derivatives.

Palladium-catalyzed site-selective dearomative C2-arylation of 2,5-diaryl-1H-pyrroles with aryl chlorides was accomplished, and a series 2,2,5-triaryl-2H-pyrroles were synthesized. In addition, the site selectivity reaction switched by simply changing ligand, direct C3-arylated 2,3,5-triaryl-1H-pyrroles prepared. The obtained could be further transformed into 2,2,5,5-tetraarylpyrrolidines.

Abstract Imidazole derivatives are effective ligands for promoting the [Ru 3 (CO) 12 ]‐catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates. Extensive ligand screening was performed to identify 2‐hydroxymethylated imidazole as optimal ligand. Neither carbon monoxide gas nor a directing group required, and reaction also showed wide substrate generality. The Ru–imidazole catalyst system promoted intramolecular hydrocarbamoylation afford lactams. A complex unambiguously analyzed by X‐ray...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of the trypanosomatid metabolite trypanothione: purification and characterization trypanothione synthetase from Crithidia fasciculataGraeme B. Henderson, Miyuki Yamaguchi, Louis Novoa, Alan H. Fairlamb, Anthony CeramiCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 16, 3924–3929Publication Date (Print):April 24, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 24 April...