A5090719346- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Block Copolymer Self-Assembly
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Image Processing Techniques and Applications
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
University of California, San Francisco
2015-2024
Reproductive Science Center
2011-2024
Wesleyan University
2021
Day One
2021
Mendel Biotechnology (United States)
2020
Broad Center
2015
New England Biolabs (United States)
2014
Northwestern University
2010-2013
Cornell University
2006-2011
DuPont (United States)
2009
Position-effect variegation (PEV) describes the stochastic transcriptional silencing of a gene positioned adjacent to heterochromatin. Using FISH, we have tested whether variegated expression eye-color brown in Drosophila is influenced by its nuclear localization. In embryonic nuclei, heterochromatic insertion at locus always spatially isolated from other However, during larval development this physically associates with regions on same chromosome manner. These observations indicate that...
The dynamics by which homologous chromosomes pair is currently unknown. Here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization combination with three-dimensional optical microscopy to show that pairing of the somatic chromosome arm 2L Drosophila occurs independent initiation at discrete loci rather than a processive zippering sites along length chromosome. By evaluating frequencies 11 on over several timepoints during embryonic development, all are paired very early within 13 h after egg...
Bud, This Mitochondrion's for You How is organelle size adjusted to be appropriate cell size? Rafelski et al. (p. 822 ) used a quantitative method measuring mitochondria in living budding yeast cells and found that rather than using the apparently simplest mechanism of dividing organelles equally among mother daughter cells, mitochondrial level bud, independent mother's own content, size, or age.
Dehalococcoides strains reductively dechlorinate a wide variety of halogenated compounds including chlorinated benzenes, biphenyls, naphthalenes, dioxins, and ethenes. Recent genome sequencing the two CBDB1 195 revealed presence 32 18 reductive dehalogenase homologous genes, respectively, therefore suggested an even higher dechlorinating potential than previously anticipated. Here, we demonstrate dehalogenation chlorophenol congeners by 195. Strain completely converted 2,3-dichlorophenol,...
Calcium carbonate skeletons of scleractinian corals amplify light availability to their algal symbionts by diffuse scattering, optimizing photosynthetic energy acquisition. However, the mechanism scattering and its role in coral evolution dissolution symbioses during "bleaching" events are largely unknown. Here we show that differences skeletal fractal architecture at nano/micro-lengthscales within 96 taxa result an 8-fold variation light-scattering considerably alter environment. We...
During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover non-random across the genome, centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression pericentromeric by Ctf19 complex,...
Bacteria play many important roles in animal digestive systems, including the provision of enzymes critical to digestion. Typically, complex communities bacteria reside gut lumen direct contact with ingested materials they help digest. Here, we demonstrate a previously undescribed strategy wood-eating marine bivalve Bankia setacea, wherein are housed location remote from gut. These bivalves, commonly known as shipworms, lack resident microbiota compartment where wood is digested but harbor...
ABSTRACT Meiotic progression requires exquisitely coordinated translation of maternal messenger (m)RNA that has accumulated during oocyte growth. A major regulator this program is the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1). However, temporal pattern at different meiotic stages indicates function additional RNA proteins (RBPs). Here, we report deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) cooperates with CPEB1 to regulate mRNA translation. Using a strategy monitors ribosome...
Programmed cellular responses to cycling ovarian-derived steroid hormones are central normal endometrial function. Abnormalities therein, as in the estrogen-dependent, progesterone-"resistant" disorder, endometriosis, predispose infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes. The stromal fibroblast (eSF) is a master regulator of success. However, complex hormone-epigenome-transcriptome interplay eSF by each individual hormone, estradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4), under physiologic...
Diblock copolymers order into a variety of periodic morphologies when the constituent blocks are sufficiently incompatible. Previous studies have demonstrated that classical dispersion (spherical and cylindrical) lamellar morphologies, as well complex (e.g., gyroid*, catenoid, hexagonally perforated lamellae), can be selectively accessed through either tailored molecular synthesis or copolymer/homopolymer blends. In present work, control over ultimate morphology is achieved use binary...
Reductive dehalogenase (RD) gene transcript levels in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 were investigated using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR during growth and reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), or 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP). Cells grown with PCE TCE had high (greater than that for rpoB) tceA, which encodes the RD, pceA, DET0162, contains a predicted stop codon is considered nonfunctional. In cells 2,3-DCP, tceA mRNA was less 1% rpoB,...
Significance Recording 3D fluorescent movies has become a critical tool of modern cell biology. Unfortunately, this requires exposure the sample to such significant amounts illumination light that fluorophores photobleached and resultant oxygen radicals can significantly perturb cellular function (phototoxicity). Although widefield microscopy is very efficient, generating high-quality reconstructions removal out-of-focus in process called deconvolution. most deconvolution methods require...
Significance Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of respiratory complexes, which are responsible for the generation ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Copies mtDNA distributed throughout mitochondrial network and faithfully inherited during cell cycle. We have developed a novel tool Saccharomyces cerevisiae that allows us to watch dynamics living cells characterize its distribution inheritance. show that, surprisingly, fusion fission dispensable both...
Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation by Dehalococcoides spp. is an ideal system for studying functional diversity of closely related strains bacteria. In spp., dehalogenases (RDases) are key respiratory enzymes involved in the anaerobic detoxification halogenated compounds at contaminated sites globally. Although housekeeping genes sequenced from >85% identical amino acid level, different capable dehalogenating diverse ranges compounds, depending largely on suite RDase that each strain harbors...
Previously, we demonstrated the reductive dehalogenation of dichlorobenzene (DCB) isomers to monochlorobenzene (MCB), and MCB benzene in sediment microcosms derived from a chlorobenzene-contaminated site. In this study, enrichment cultures were established for each DCB isomer produced trace amounts as end products. activity could only be transferred microcosms. The 1,2-DCB-dehalogenating culture was studied most intensively. Whereas Dehalococcoides spp. not detected any or cultures,...
Crossovers (COs) play a critical role in ensuring proper alignment and segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. How the cell balances recombination between CO vs. noncrossover (NCO) outcomes is not completely understood. Further lacking what constrains extent DNA repair such that multiple events do arise from single double-strand break (DSB). Here, by interpreting signatures result genome-wide, we find synaptonemal complex proteins promote crossing over distinct ways. Our...
Interhomolog recombination plays a critical role in promoting proper meiotic chromosome segregation but mechanistic understanding of this process is far from complete. In vegetative cells, Rad51 highly conserved recombinase that exhibits preference for repairing double strand breaks (DSBs) using sister chromatids, contrast to the conserved, meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1, which preferentially repairs programmed DSBs homologs. Despite different preferences repair templates, both and Dmc1...
Marine bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms) are voracious consumers wood in marine environments. In several shipworm species, dense communities intracellular bacterial endosymbionts have been observed within specialized cells (bacteriocytes) gills (ctenidia). These bacteria proposed to contribute digestion by host. While microbes studied extensively abundance and distribution digestive system not adequately addressed. Here we use Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) laser...
Meiotic recombination involves the repair of double-strand break (DSB) precursors as crossovers (COs) or noncrossovers (NCOs). The proper number and distribution COs is critical for successful chromosome segregation formation viable gametes. In budding yeast majority occurs through a pathway dependent on ZMM proteins (Zip2-Zip3-Zip4-Spo16, Msh4-Msh5, Mer3), which form foci at CO-committed sites. Here we show that DNA-damage-response kinase Tel1/ATM limits ZMM-independent recombination. By...
Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for high-fidelity DNA repair during mitotic proliferation and meiosis. Yet, context-specific modifications must tailor the machinery to avoid (mitosis) or enforce (meiosis) formation of reciprocal exchanges—crossovers—between recombining chromosomes. To obtain molecular insight into how crossover control achieved, we affinity purified 7 DNA-processing enzymes that channel HR intermediates crossovers noncrossovers from vegetative cells undergoing...
Reproduction is a functional outcome that relies on complex cellular, tissue, and organ interactions span the developmental period to adulthood. Thus, assessment of its disruption by environmental chemicals would benefit significantly from scalable innovative approaches testing using functionally comparable reproductive models such as nematode C. elegans. We adapted previously described low-throughput in vivo chromosome segregation assay elegans predictive toxicity leveraged available public...