A5103192811- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
- Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
- Manufacturing Process and Optimization
- Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms
- Connexins and lens biology
- Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Multisensory perception and integration
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Game Theory and Applications
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Action Observation and Synchronization
Virginia Tech
1986-2023
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging
2016-2023
Biomedical Research Institute
2021-2023
University College London
2023
Carilion Clinic
2014-2016
Baylor College of Medicine
1997-2007
University of Alabama at Birmingham
1991-1994
Neurosciences Institute
1990
We develop a theoretical framework that shows how mesencephalic dopamine systems could distribute to their targets signal represents information about future expectations. In particular, we show activity in the cerebral cortex can make predictions receipt of reward and fluctuations levels neurons diffuse above below baseline would represent errors these are delivered cortical subcortical targets. present model for such be constructed real brain is consistent with physiological results subset...
Certain classes of stimuli, such as food and drugs, are highly effective in activating reward regions. We show humans that activity these regions can be modulated by the predictability sequenced delivery two mildly pleasurable orally delivered fruit juice water. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, for rewarding stimuli both nucleus accumbens medial orbitofrontal cortex was greatest when were unpredictable. Moreover, subjects' stated preference either or water not directly correlated...
Several observations suggest that the Ca2(+)-dependent postsynaptic release of nitric oxide (NO) may be important in formation and function vertebrate nervous system. We explore here hypothesis NO its subsequent diffusion critically related to three aspects system function: (i) synaptic plasticity long-term potentiation certain regions adult system, (ii) control cerebral blood flow such regions, (iii) establishment activity-dependent refinement axonal projections during later stages...
L-Glutamate and norepinephrine are examples of a major excitatory neurotransmitter neuromodulator in the cerebral cortex, respectively. Little is known how chemical signaling between anatomically distinct pathways occurs. Specific activation N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) class glutamate receptor synaptosomal preparations from guinea pig cortex caused release both these chemicals, this was blocked by agents that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production or remove NO extracellular space....
Some forms of synaptic plasticity depend on the temporal coincidence presynaptic activity and postsynaptic response. This requirement is consistent with Hebbian, or correlational, type learning rule used in many neural network models. Recent evidence suggests that may part production a membrane permeant-diffusible signal so spatial volume also be involved correlational rules. latter form change has been called learning. In both Hebbian rules, interaction among inputs depends degree otherwise...
Identified retinal ganglion cells were isolated from postnatal cat retinas and their dendrites removed by trituration centrifugation. The denuded placed in a cell culture system allowed to reexpress dendritic arbors the absence of afferent input, target tissue, interactions with neighboring cells. grown above feeder layer astrocytes on glass coverslips equipped paraffin pedestals. spatial patterns reexpressed neurites quantitatively analyzed using number measures, including an estimate...
Activity in midbrain dopamine neurons modulates the release of terminal structures including striatum, and controls reward-dependent valuation choice. This fluctuating is thought to encode reward prediction error (RPE) signals other value-related information crucial decision-making, such models have been used track striatum as encoded by BOLD signals. However, until recently there no comparisons responses except for one clear correlation these two rodents. No made humans. Here, we report on...
Addiction is considered a disorder that drives individuals to choose drugs at the expense of healthier alternatives. However, chronic cocaine users (CCUs) who meet addiction criteria retain ability money in presence opportunity cocaine. The neural mechanisms differentiate CCUs from non-cocaine using controls (Controls) while executing these preferred choices remain unknown. Thus, therapeutic strategies aimed shifting preferences towards alternatives somewhat uninformed. This study used BOLD...
Extracellular calcium is critical for many neural functions, including neurotransmission, cell adhesion, and plasticity. Experiments have shown that normal activity associated with changes in extracellular calcium, which has motivated recent computational work employs such fluctuations an information-bearing role. This possibility suggests a new style of computing taking place the mammalian brain addition to current ‘circuit’ models use only neurons connections. Previous rapid external used...
Recent experiments have demonstrated that normal neural activity can cause significant decrements in external calcium levels, and these mediate a form of short-term synaptic depression. These findings raise the possibility certain forms depression at glutamatergic synapses throughout mammalian CNS may be influenced by similar changes calcium. We use computational model extracellular space, combined with experimental data on consumption, to show such accounted for just outside active...