A5046973964- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Agriculture and Biological Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center
2016-2025
Agricultural Research Service
2004-2024
United States Department of Agriculture
2021-2024
Iowa State University
2001-2006
Increasing forage yields remains a top priority of most alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) breeding programs, but yield trends suggest has stagnated over the past two decades. Little effort been invested into capturing heterosis in alfalfa, semihybrid systems are possible solutions to overcome stagnation. Development semihybrids will require identification heterotic groups. Studies crosses between dormant M. ssp. and falcata pattern exists subspecies. The objective this study was measure elite ×...
This experiment was designed to determine if intercropping corn ( Zea mays L.) with climbing beans is a viable option increase crude protein (CP) concentration in forage rather than purchasing costly supplements for livestock rations. In these experiments, intercropped three beans—lablab bean [ Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], velvet Mucuna pruriens D.C.], and scarlet runner Phaseolus coccineus L.)—or grown monoculture near Arlington Lancaster, WI. Corn sown early May late April 2004 2005,...
ABSTRACT In many major perennial forage species, genomic tools and infrastructure development has advanced enough that their utilization in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) can be cheaply explored. This paper presents a paternity testing MAS diploid red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Utilizing individual plant phenotypes, known maternity, molecular marker‐determined paternity, paternal maternal breeding values are calculated on both parents is accomplished. Paternity demonstrated three...
Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa (Roth), is a cover crop that does not exhibit typical domestication syndrome. Pod dehiscence reduces seed yield and creates weed problems for subsequent crops. De novo efforts aim to reduce pod in hairy vetch. To characterize the species, we quantified visual force required cause among 606 genotypes grown seven environments of United States. identify potential secondary selection traits, correlated with various morphological characteristics field measurements....
Selfing (self-pollination) is the ultimate form of inbreeding, or mating among close relatives. can create yield loss when inbreeding depression, defined as a lower survival and reproduction inbred relative to outbred progeny, present. To determine impact selfing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), we quantified rate 32 seed production fields located three regions, namely, Pacific Northwest (PNW), Central Valley California (CEV), Imperial (IMP). rates (the proportion selfed seeds) varied...
Crosses between Medicago sativa L. subsp. and falcata (L.) Arcang. produce progeny exhibiting heterosis for biomass yield. The purpose of this study was to determine which germplasm produced the best hybrids in testcrosses with elite material guide future breeding efforts. Over 100 genotypes from 40 populations were test crossed four populations. Testcross parental clones grown 2 yr two locations harvested three times per year A broad range testcross performance observed, mean values...
is an incompletely domesticated annual legume of the Fabaceae family native to Europe and Western Asia.
Abstract Among 50 environments in the United States, we screened 35 hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth.) lines for traits of interest to cover cropping. We analyzed influence genotype, environment, and genotype‐by‐environment interaction (G × E) on biomass, vigor, winter survival, emergence, flowering time, nitrogen fixation. To explore how G E impacted each trait, associated environment predictions loadings with weather soil parameters. Environment had largest all traits, representing more...
Increasing forage yields remains a top priority of most alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding programs. Studies crosses between dormant to moderately M. subsp. and falcata suggest heterotic pattern for yield exists the two subspecies. However, other agronomic traits need be considered in addition yield, especially when trying develop material from nonadapted sources. The objective this study was quantify performance × (SFC) relation (SSC) (FFC). Nine elite clones five were crossed diallel...
A semihybrid variety development system could capture natural hybrid vigor found between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations. Medicago subsp. and falcata represent a heterotic pattern that be used in breeding to increase yields, but the forage quality of inter-subspecific crosses relation intra-subspecific is unclear. The objective this study was compare × (SFC), (SSC), (FFC). We standard measures vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid (ADF), lignin...
ABSTRACT North American birdsfoot trefoil (BFT, Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars such as Norcen produce forage with low condensed tannin (CT) concentrations that may be insufficient for optimal livestock performance. Our objective was to identify European‐ and Mediterranean‐derived higher CT would suitable production in the colder continental United States. One alfalfa ( Medicago sativa 14 BFT were established during 2005 MI, UT, WI, WV harvested under a two‐ or three‐cut management...
Relative to other crops, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) has various favorable traits making it an ideal forage crop. Conventional breeding improved varieties, but modern genomic methods could accelerate progress and facilitate gene discovery. Existing short-read-based genome assemblies of the ∼420 megabase pair (Mbp) are fragmented into >135,000 contigs, with numerous order orientation errors within scaffolds, probably associated plant’s biology, which displays gametophytic...
Abstract Hairy vetch, a diploid annual legume species, has robust growth habit, high biomass yield, and winter hardy characteristics. Seed hardness is major constraint for growing hairy vetch commercially. Hard seeded cultivars are valuable as forages, whereas soft shatter resistant have advantages their use cover crop. Transcript analysis of was performed to understand the genetic mechanisms associated with important traits. RNA extracted from leaves, flowers, immature pods, seed coats,...
ABSTRACT Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) self‐pollination (i.e., selfing) causes inbreeding depression. Determining factors influencing alfalfa seed production selfing rates could inform potential mitigation strategies to reduce selfing. We measured in situ from sampled random plants a commercial field pollinated by leafcutter bees Megachile rotundata F.). were estimated genotyping ∼24 progeny each of 38 maternal plants. Maternal plant distance pollinator domicile, pod position on racemes,...
Increasing forage yields remains a top priority of most alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding programs, but yield trends suggest has stagnated over the past two decades. Little effort been invested into capturing heterosis in alfalfa, semihybrid systems are possible solutions to overcome stagnation. Development semihybrids will require identification heterotic groups. Studies crosses between dormant M. ssp. and falcata pattern exists subspecies. The objective this study was measure elite ×...
ABSTRACT Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) stem fiber concentration and digestibility, lignin, polysaccharide composition impact energy availability for livestock biofuel conversion. We evaluated neutral detergent (NDF) concentration, 16‐ 96‐h in vitro digestibility (IVNDFD), total cell wall (CW) proportions of Klason lignin (KL), cellulose (CEL), pectin (PEC), hemicellulose (HC) the eight germplasms at two plant densities locations harvested early bud (four cuts) late flower (three 2 yr. Growth...
ABSTRACT Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) is a commonly grown legume cover crop in the United States. Critical breeding goals for species include increasing early fall vigor and spring biomass production. To ascertain genetic improvement these traits, we explored relationship between vigor. Moreover, evaluated variation genotypic performance across multiple environments assessed how weather variables affected germplasm performance. The differed by winter conditions. In warmer locations,...
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid, naturally cross-pollinated, cool-season species. As perennial forage legume, red mostly cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. Being non-model crop species, genomic resources for have been underdeveloped. Thus far, analysis used has mainly relied on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. However, SSR markers are sparse the genome and it often difficult to unambiguously map them using short reads generated by next generation sequencing...