Abstract The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes fever, with clinical presentations such as severe back and small joint pain debilitating arthritis associated crippling pains that persist for weeks even years. Although there are several studies to evaluate the efficacy of drugs against CHIKV, treatment fever is mainly symptom-based no effective licensed vaccine or antiviral available. Here, we investigated activity three types flavonoids CHIKV in vitro replication. Three...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has infected millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions since its reemergence last decade. We recently identified nontoxic plant alkaloid berberine as an antiviral substance against CHIKV a high-throughput screen. Here, we show that is effective multiple cell types variety strains, also at high multiplicity infection, consolidating potential drug. excluded any effect this compound on entry or activity viral replicase. A human phosphokinase array...

Zika virus (ZIKV, genus Flavivirus) has emerged as a major mosquito-transmitted human pathogen, with recent outbreaks associated an increased incidence of neurological complications, particularly microcephaly and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Because only very recently important research is being hampered by lack reliable molecular tools. Here we report infectious cDNA (icDNA) clone for ZIKV isolate BeH819015 from Brazil, which was selected representative South American isolated at early...

ABSTRACT As new pathogenic viruses continue to emerge, it is paramount have intervention strategies that target a common denominator in these pathogens. The fusion of viral and cellular membranes during entry one such process used by many viruses, including chikungunya virus, West Nile influenza virus. Obatoclax, small-molecule antagonist the Bcl-2 family proteins, was previously determined activity against A virus also Sindbis Here, we report be active alphaviruses, like (50% effective...

Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, has a positive-stand RNA genome approximately 12 kb in length. In infected cells, the is translated into non-structural polyprotein P1234, an inactive precursor of viral replicase, which activated by cleavages carried out protease, nsP2. We have characterized CHIKV nsP2 using both cell-free and cell-based assays. First, we show that Cys478 residue active site indispensable for P1234 processing. Second, substrate...

Nanomaterials are prospective candidates for the elimination of viruses due to their multimodal mechanisms action. Here, we tested antiviral potential a largely unexplored nanoparticle cerium dioxide (CeO2). Two nano-CeO2 with opposing surface charge, (+) and (-), were assessed capability decrease plaque forming units (PFU) four enveloped two non-enveloped during 1-h exposure. Statistically significant activity towards coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 influenza virus was registered already at 20 mg...

The activity of small non-photoactive titania nanoparticles against corona viruses emerges due most probably to direct membrane disruption via complexation with phospholipid molecules and their subsequent removal.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a medically important alphavirus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquitoes. The viral replicase complex consists of four nonstructural proteins (nsPs) expressed as polyprotein precursor encompasses all enzymatic activities required for RNA replication. nsPs interact with host components which most are still poorly understood, especially in mosquitos. A CHIKV trans-replicase system allows the uncoupling replication nsP expression was adapted to...

Due to the high prevalence of infectious diseases and their concurrent outbreaks, there is a interest in developing novel materials with antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial antiviral properties range metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are promising means fight airborne caused by viruses bacteria. The aim this study was test metals efficacy against three viruses, namely influenza A virus (H1N1; A/WSN/1933) coronaviruses TGEV SARS-CoV-2; two bacteria,

Multiple viruses, including pathogenic bacteriophages, and even plant cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or closely related virus. In alphaviruses, this process thought be mediated, at least in part, viral protease (nsP2) which responsible for processing nonstructural polyproteins (P123 P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming replication complex. Taking synthetic biology approach, we...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a medically important pathogen responsible for recent large-scale epidemics. The development of efficient therapies against CHIKV has been hampered by gaps in our understanding how nonstructural proteins (nsPs) function to form the viral replicase and replicate RNA. Here we describe an extremely sensitive assay analyze effects mutations on RNA synthesis machinery cells both mammalian (host) mosquito (vector) origin. Using this system, several lethal nsP1 were...

Most alphaviruses (family Togaviridae) including Sindbis virus (SINV) and other human pathogens, are transmitted by arthropods. The first open reading frame in their positive strand RNA genome encodes for the non-structural polyprotein, a precursor to four separate subunits of replicase. replicase interacts with cis-acting elements located near intergenic region at ends viral genome. A trans-replication assay was developed used analyse template requirements nine alphavirus replicases....

ABSTRACT Semliki Forest virus (genus Alphavirus ) is an important model for studying regulated nonstructural (ns) polyprotein processing. In this study, we evaluated the strictness of previously outlined cleavage rules, accounting timing and outcome each three cleavages within ns P1234, assessed significance residues P6 to P4 sites using alanine scanning approach. The processing 1/2 3/4 was most strongly affected following changes in P5 P4, respectively. However, none mutations had a...

Alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses, mostly being mosquito-transmitted. Cells infected by an alphavirus become resistant to superinfection due a block that occurs at the level of replication. Alphavirus replication proteins, called nsP1-4, produced from nonstructural polyprotein precursors, processed protease activity nsP2. Trans-replicase systems and replicon vectors were used study effects nsP2 chikungunya virus Sindbis on in mosquito cells. Co-expressed wild-type reduced...

Polyprotein processing has an important regulatory role in the life cycle of positive-strand RNA viruses. In case alphaviruses, sequential cleavage nonstructural polyprotein (ns-polyprotein) at three sites eventually yields four mature proteins (nsPs) that continue working complex to replicate viral genomic and transcribe subgenomic RNA. Recognition by nsP2 protease is guided short sequences upstream scissile bond and, more importantly, spatial organization replication complex. this study,...

Chikungunya fever results from an infection with virus (CHIKV, genus Alphavirus) that is prevalent in tropical regions and spreading fast to temperate climates documented outbreaks Europe the Americas. Currently, there are no available vaccines or antiviral drugs for prevention treatment of fever. The nonstructural proteins (nsPs) CHIKV responsible replication promising targets development new antivirals. This study was attempted find out potential inhibitors nsP2 protease using ligand-based...

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the genus Alphavirus of Togaviridae family. CHIKV transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever. outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Europe, countries Indian Pacific Oceans. In 2013, cases were registered for first time Americas on Caribbean islands. There currently no vaccine prevent or medicines treat infection. nonstructural protease (nsP2) a promising potential target development drugs against infection because this protein one...

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) has a positive strand RNA genome and infects different cells of vertebrates invertebrates. The 5' two-thirds the encodes non-structural proteins that are required for replication synthesis subgenomic (SG) mRNA structural proteins. SG-mRNA is generated by internal initiation at SG-promoter located complementary minus-strand template. Different types expression systems including replication-competent vectors, which represent alphavirus genomes with inserted units,...

Due to the growing interest towards reducing number of potentially infectious agents on critical high-touch surfaces, popularity antimicrobially and antivirally active including textiles, has increased. The goal this study was create antiviral textiles by spray-depositing three different nanomaterials, two types CeO2 nanoparticles quaternary ammonium surfactant CTAB loaded SiO2 nanocontainers, onto surface a knitted polyester textile assess their activity against coronaviruses, porcine...

Alphaviruses (family

Abstract Nanomaterials have been proposed as good candidates for the elimination of viruses due to their multimodal mechanisms action. Here, we tested antiviral potential cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles which is largely unexplored.Two types nano-CeO particles with opposing surface charge, (+) and (-), were assessed capability decrease plaque forming units (PFU) four enveloped two non-enveloped during 1 h exposure. Statistically significant activity towards coronavirus SARS-CoV-2...

Eukaryotic cells continuously produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have mechanisms to control ROS levels. been shown mediate cell proliferation transformation. We studied the effect of CuZn‐superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) on focus‐forming ability bovine papillomavirus (BPV‐1) wtDNA hypertransforming mutant its major oncoprotein E5, E5–17S. found that CuZnSOD suppresses BPV‐1 E5 oncoprotein. Significantly fewer foci were detected in pCGCuZnSOD‐ DNA‐cotransfected culture compare...