A5051537882- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Medical Coding and Health Information
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Disaster Response and Management
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
Mitre (United States)
2024
Drexel University
2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2008-2020
Center for Global Health
2020
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2010
Johns Hopkins University
2007
University Medical Center New Orleans
1994
Tulane University
1994
Humid tropical forests play a dominant role in the functioning of Earth but are under increasing threat from changes land use and climate. How forest vulnerability varies across space time what level stress can tolerate before facing tipping point poorly understood. Here, we develop index (TFVI) to detect evaluate global threats time. We show that climate change together with land-use have slowed recovery rate carbon cycling. Temporal autocorrelation, as an indicator this slow recovery,...
To identify predictors of initial sputum culture conversion, estimate the usefulness persistent positive cultures at different time points in predicting treatment failure, and evaluate definitions conversion for failure among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) five countries, 2000-2004.Predictors to were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Receiver operating characteristic curves plotted visualize effect 'culture conversion' on...
We conducted a random survey of illicit drug use by undergraduate students at private southern university in 1990 and compared the results with from similar 1986 that college's student population. During 4 years since first study, prevalence cocaine declined 39% to 21%, traditional amphetamines 22% 12%. No significant differences were found marijuana--68% 1986, 64% 1990--or LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)--14% 17% 1990. The mescaline/psilocybin increased 8% 24% MDMA, known as "Ecstasy"...
The application of geospatial data to public health problems has expanded significantly with increased access low-cost handheld global positioning system (GPS) receivers and free programs for geographic information systems analysis. In January 2010, we piloted the analysis polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in northern Nigeria. SIA teams carried GPS compare hand-drawn catchment area route maps tracks actual vaccination teams. Team overlaid on satellite imagery revealed that...
Although approximately 0.5 million cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occur globally each year, surveillance data are limited. Botswana is one the few high TB burden countries to have carried out multiple anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveys (in 1995-1996, 1999 and 2002).In 2007-2008, we conducted fourth national survey in assess resistance, including trends over time. In previous survey, 0.8% (95%CI 0.4-1.5) new patients 10.4% 5.6-17.3) previously treated had...
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis programs in DOTS-Plus pilot sites five countries.To calculate sputum conversion time and its relationship to treatment outcome, document the frequency of culture reversions examine concordance smear assess potential consequences monitoring by microscopy alone.Retrospective cohort analysis 1926 patients receiving individualized, second-line therapy.Among 1385 culture-positive cases at baseline, 1146 (83%) experienced least one during treatment. Conversion,...
Monthly culture is usually recommended to monitor treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). As mycobacterial laboratory capacity limited in many settings, TB programs need evidence decide whether monthly cultures are necessary compared other approaches. We simulated three alternative monitoring strategies (culture every 2 or 3 months, and smears alone) a cohort MDR-TB patients Estonia, Latvia, Philippines, Russia Peru from 2000 2004. This retrospective analysis illustrated that...
In Botswana, where one quarter of the adult population is infected with human immunodeficiency virus and annual tuberculosis (TB) incidence among highest globally, intensified TB case finding needed in health care facilities to detect treat cases early prevent transmission. During August-December 2009, screening was implemented adults at patient intake five clinics Francistown. Among 11 779 screenings intake, 926 were positive. Nineteen patients diagnosed TB. Routine operationally feasible,...
As 1 of 3 remaining poliovirus-endemic countries, Nigeria has become key to the global polio eradication effort. We evaluated supplemental immunization activities, including team performance, communications/mobilization and vaccine acceptance, in high-risk states.
Background: As polio eradication draws near, immunization and surveillance of remote itinerant populations who are potential virus reservoirs become increasingly important. In 2013 2014, wild poliovirus imported from an endemic country in West Africa caused outbreaks Somalia, Ethiopia Kenya. Some cases were found among nomadic pastoralists, traditionally characterized as having limited access to health care including vaccination. We aimed measure vaccination coverage characterize its...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures the safety of nation's food supply using sampling laboratory analysis imported domestic foods. Accurate detection identification extraneous filth elements in inspected samples is critical producing evidence for regulatory decision-making. As part ongoing efforts to increase efficiency accuracy data collection, better inform decision-making, scientists at FDA have been exploring application emerging imaging technologies. To this end, we...
On the cover: This map shows extent of international spread wild polioviruses into previously polio-free countries during 2003-2014.WHO estimates that between 2003 and 2014, there were 191 new importation events (unpublished data, WHO, June 2014).These resulted in 3763 reported cases paralytic polio 43 cost US $1.15 billion funds from organizations agencies for outbreak control.Endemic are three (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan) had not interrupted transmission their historically indigenous...