A5075880658- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- AI in cancer detection
- Tree Root and Stability Studies
South African Medical Research Council
2016-2025
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2016
University of Maryland Medical Center
2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016
Medical Research Council
2011-2015
Institute for Soil, Climate and Water
2014
Emory University
2010
University of Calgary
2010
University College London
2010
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2010
BackgroundTuberculosis remains an important clinical and public health issue in South Africa, which has one of the highest tuberculosis burdens world. We aimed to estimate burden bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary among people aged 15 years or older Africa.MethodsThis multistage, cluster-based, cross-sectional survey included eligible residents (age ≥15 years, who had slept a house for ≥10 nights preceding 2 weeks) 110 clusters nationally (cluster size 500 people; selected by probability...
Background: Nosocomial transmission has been described in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and HIV co-infected patients South Africa. However, little is known about the rates of among health care workers countries with high burden. Objective: To estimate multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) XDR-TB hospitalizations KwaZulu-Natal, Design: Retrospective study who were admitted from 2003 to 2008 for initiation therapy. Setting: A public referral hospital Participants: 231 4151 non–health...
Drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission in hospitals threatens staff and patient health. Surgical face masks used by patients with (TB) are believed to reduce but have not been rigorously tested.We sought quantify the efficacy of surgical when worn multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).Over 3 months, 17 pulmonary MDR-TB occupied an ward South Africa wore on alternate days. Ward air was exhausted two identical chambers, each housing 90 pathogen-free guinea pigs that breathed either (intervention...
Background. Increasing access to drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is crucial but could lead increasing resistance these same drugs. In 2000, international Green Light Committee (GLC) initiative began increase while attempting prevent acquired resistance.
BACKGRO UND: Effective treatment for drug-suscepti-ble tuberculosis (TB) rapidly renders patients noninfectious, long before conversion of sputum acid-fast smear or culture to negative.Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) on are currently assumed remain infectious months.While the resources required prolonged hospitalization a barrier scale-up MDR-TB treatment, safety community is clear.OBJECTI VES: To estimate impact infectiousness among patients.METHODS: A series five human-to-guinea pig...
Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major clinical challenge, particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. MDR-TB treatment increasingly available, but outcomes have not been well characterized. South Africa has provided for decade, and we evaluated by HIV status enrolled between 2000 2004 prior to anti-retroviral access. Methods We assessed prospective cohort of from eight provincial programs providing second line drugs. World Health...
Rationale: Transmission is driving the global tuberculosis epidemic, especially in congregate settings. Worldwide, natural ventilation most common means of air disinfection, but it inherently unreliable and limited use cold climates. Upper room germicidal ultraviolet (UV) disinfection with mixing has been shown to be highly effective, improved evidence-based dosing guidelines are needed.Objectives: To test efficacy upper reduce transmission under real hospital conditions, define application...
Abstract Background. Resistance to second-line drugs develops during treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, but the impact on outcome has not been determined. Methods. Patients with MDR tuberculosis starting drug were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Sputum cultures analyzed at central reference laboratory. We compared subjects successful and poor outcomes terms (1) initial acquired resistance fluoroquinolones injectable (SLIs) (2) regimens. Results. Of 1244 patients 973...
Persons who default from tuberculosis treatment are at risk for clinical deterioration and complications including worsening drug resistance death. Our objective was to identify factors associated with (TB) in South Africa. We conducted a national retrospective case control study using program data 2002 standardized patient questionnaire. defined as interrupting TB two or more consecutive months during treatment. Cases were sample of registered patients receiving under DOTS that defaulted...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational hazard for health care workers (HCWs) who are at greater risk of developing TB than the general population. The objective this study was to compare difference in incidence among HCWs with versus without a history working wards, estimate HCWs, and identify factors disease HCWs.A retrospective cohort (January 2006 December 2010) conducted three district hospitals KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were abstracted via chart review from medical records....
The importance of infection control (IC) in health care settings with tuberculosis (TB) patients has been highlighted by recent care-associated outbreaks South Africa.To conduct operational evaluations IC drug-resistant TB at a national level.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to September 2009 all multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively (XDR-TB) facilities Africa. Structured interviews key informants were completed, along observation practices. Health workers...
Recent studies have shown that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater may provide basis for a surveillance system to track environmental dissemination this virus communities. An effective wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) prove critical South Africa (SA), where health systems infrastructure, testing capacity, personal protective equipment and human resource capacity are constrained. In proof-of-concept study, we investigated potential RNA untreated as monitor COVID-19...
<title>Abstract</title> Nearly a third of TB cases go undetected annually. WHO recommends computer-aided detection (CAD) to enhance screening, with studies showing comparable performance local radiologists. Using 774 chest X-rays from the South African National Prevalence Survey, we compared 12 CAD software 11 radiologists Nigeria, India, UK, and US, against composite microbiological reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity Cohen’s kappa were calculated compared. Receiver-operating...