A5062490980- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
- Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Nephrotoxicity and Medicinal Plants
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Electronic Health Records Systems
- Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Whipple's Disease and Interleukins
Stellenbosch University
2016-2025
South African Medical Research Council
2016-2025
National Research Foundation
2010-2024
Africa Health Research Institute
2023
The University of Queensland
2023
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2023
University of Antwerp
2023
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
2017-2022
South African National Parks
2021
Copperbelt University
2019
Abstract Background The Direct Repeat locus of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a member CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) sequences family. Spoligotyping widely used PCR-based reverse-hybridization blotting technique that assays genetic diversity this and useful both for clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiology, evolutionary population genetics. It easy, robust, cheap, produces highly diverse portable numerical results, as result...
Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel automated molecular diagnostic recently endorsed by the World Health Organization. However, performance-related data from high HIV prevalence settings are limited.The impact of sample-related factors on performance and significance MTB/RIF-positive culture-negative discordance remain unclear.Xpert was evaluated using single archived spot-sputum samples 496 South African patients with suspected TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity phenotypic resistance to...
Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. A convenience sample of 309 drug-susceptible and 342 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB isolates, collected July 2008-July 2009, were characterized by spoligotyping, DNA fingerprinting, insertion site mapping, targeted sequencing. Analysis molecular-based data showed diverse genetic backgrounds among drug-sensitive MDR sensu stricto isolates contrast to restricted...
Abstract Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. A convenience sample of 309 drug-susceptible and 342 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB isolates, collected July 2008–July 2009, were characterized by spoligotyping, DNA fingerprinting, insertion site mapping, targeted sequencing. Analysis molecular-based data showed diverse genetic backgrounds among drug-sensitive MDR sensu stricto isolates contrast to restricted...
It is generally accepted that tuberculosis results from a single infection with Mycobacterium strain. Such infections are thought to confer protective immunity against exogenous reinfection. In this study, novel polymerase chain reaction method was developed specifically identify M. strains belonging the Beijing and non-Beijing evolutionary lineages in sputum specimens collected patients resident an epidemiologic field site Cape Town, South Africa. The sensitivity specificity of...
This study aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Beijing strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis and test hypothesis that evolution has influenced ability within different sublineages spread cause disease. A PCR-based method was used analyze genome structure 40 loci in 325 isolates collected from new retreatment patients an urban setting 270 high-risk a rural Western Cape, South Africa. The resulting data were subjected phylogenetic analysis using neighbor joining algorithm....
We investigated the emergence and evolution of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in an HIV co-infected population at a South African gold mine with well-functioning TB control program. Of 128 patients diagnosed during January 2003-November 2005, total 77 had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, 26 pre-extensively (XDR TB), 5 XDR TB. Genotyping suggested ongoing transmission contact tracing among case-patients largest cluster demonstrated multiple possible points contact. Phylogenetic analysis...
The development of molecular diagnostics that detect both the presence Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples and drug resistance-conferring mutations promises to revolutionize patient care interrupt transmission by ensuring early diagnosis. However, these tools require identification genetic determinants resistance full range antituberculosis drugs.
Recent studies suggest that baseline tuberculous sputum comprises a mixture of routinely culturable and differentially tubercle bacteria (DCTB). The latter seems to be drug tolerant dependent on resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs).To further explore this, we assessed from patients with tuberculosis for DCTB studied the impact exogenous culture filtrate (CF) supplementation ex vivo.Sputum samples adults HIV-1 no were used most probable number (MPN) assays supplemented CF Rpf-deficient CF,...
Background and objectives: Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a growing threat to global health. Studies focusing on single antibiotics have shown that drug resistance is often associated with fitness cost in the absence of drug. However, little known about multiple antibiotics.
To compare mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA gene and flanking sequences with MICs ofloxacin moxifloxacin for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The presence 177 drug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates was determined by DNA sequencing quantified MGIT 960. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected at codons 94 (n = 30), 90 12), 91 3), 89 1), 88 1) 80 1). Four double D94G plus A90V 2) D94N reflect mixed populations. Agreement between genotypic phenotypic...
Approximately 10% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is made up two families genes that are poorly characterized due to their high GC content and highly repetitive nature. The PE PPE typified by conserved N-terminal domains incorporate proline-glutamate (PE) proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) signature motifs. They hypothesised be important virulence factors involved with host-pathogen interactions, but genetic variability complexity analysis means they typically disregarded in studies.To...
The direct repeat (DR) region has been determined to be an important chromosomal domain for studying the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite this, very little is known about microevolutionary events associated with clonal expansion and how such influence interpretation both restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) spoligotype data. This study examined structure DR in three independently evolving lineages M. tuberculosis a combination DR-RFLP, spoligotyping, partial DNA...
Evolution of the direct repeat region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has created unique spoligotype signatures specifically associated with IS6110-defined strain families. Spoligotyping may enable analysis population structure different settings and will rapid identification families that acquire drug resistance or escape protective immunity vaccine trials.
We report the discovery and confirmation of 23 novel mutations with previously undocumented role in isoniazid (INH) drug resistance, catalase-peroxidase (katG) gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates. With these mutations, a synonymous mutation fabG1g609a, two canonical we were able to explain 98% phenotypic resistance observed 366 clinical Mtb isolates collected from four high (TB)-burden countries: India, Moldova, Philippines, South Africa. conducted overlapping targeted...
Background Treatment-related outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are poor. However, data about the type, frequency and severity of presumed drug-associated adverse events (AEs) their association treatment-related XDR-TB scarce. Methods Case records 115 South-African were retrospectively reviewed by a trained researcher. AEs estimated graded according to [grade 0 = none; grade 1–2 mild moderate; 3–5 severe (drug stopped, life-threatening or death)]....
Background. Diagnosis of drug resistance and timely initiation multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis therapy are essential to reduce transmission improve patient outcomes. We sought determine whether implementation the rapid MTBDRplus diagnostic shortened time from specimen collection MDR initiation.
Whole genome sequencing has revolutionised the interrogation of mycobacterial genomes. Recent studies have reported conflicting findings on genomic stability Mycobacterium tuberculosis during evolution drug resistance. In an age where whole is increasingly relied upon for defining structure bacterial genomes, it important to investigate reliability next generation identify clonal variants present in a minor percentage population. This study aimed define reliable cut-off identification low...