Gian van der Spuy
A5073585928- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Trace Elements in Health
Stellenbosch University
2016-2025
South African Medical Research Council
2012-2025
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
2016-2022
National Research Foundation
2016-2021
University of Groningen
2020
University Medical Center Groningen
2020
McGill University
2012
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
1999-2008
Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe
2007
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2005
Rationale: In a high–tuberculosis (TB) incidence area of Cape Town, South Africa, there is very high rate unexplained recurrent TB. The new bacteriologically confirmed disease in the 313 per 100,000 individuals. Objective: To estimate TB attributable to reinfection after successful treatment. Methods: All patients with reported between 1993 and 1998 were followed up 2001 for needing retreatment (recurrences). Patients who multi-drug–resistant or had treatment failure, transferred, died...
Rationale: Contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) constitute an important target population for preventive measures because they are at high risk infection Mycobacterium and progression to disease.Objectives: We investigated biosignatures predictive ability incident TB.Methods: In a case–control study nested within the Grand Challenges 6-74 longitudinal HIV-negative African cohort exposed household contacts, we employed RNA sequencing, PCR, pair ratio algorithm in training/test set...
Abstract Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted αβ T cells are necessary for protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , but the ability to broadly study these responses has been limited. In present study, we used single-cell and bulk cell receptor (TCR) sequencing GLIPH2 algorithm analyze M. -specific sequences in two longitudinal cohorts, comprising 166 individuals with infection who progressed either ( n = 48) or controlled 118). We found 24 groups similar TCR-β sequences,...
This study aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Beijing strains Mycobacterium tuberculosis and test hypothesis that evolution has influenced ability within different sublineages spread cause disease. A PCR-based method was used analyze genome structure 40 loci in 325 isolates collected from new retreatment patients an urban setting 270 high-risk a rural Western Cape, South Africa. The resulting data were subjected phylogenetic analysis using neighbor joining algorithm....
Summary Deciphering the structure of pathogen populations is instrumental for understanding epidemiology and history infectious diseases their control. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis most widespread agent in humans, its actual population has remained hypothetical until now because: (i) structural genes are poorly polymorphic; (ii) adequate samples appropriate statistics genetic analysis have not been considered. To investigate this structure, we analysed statistical associations...
Rationale: Multiple infections with different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may occur in settings where the infection pressure is high. The relevance mixed for patient, clinician, and control program remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to describe reinfection as underlying mechanisms changing drug-susceptibility patterns serial sputum cultures. Methods: Serial M. cultures from patients diagnosed multi-drug-resistant (MDR) were evaluated by phenotypic testing mutation...
<h3>Background</h3> User-friendly, rapid, inexpensive yet accurate TB diagnostic tools are urgently needed at points of care in resource-limited settings. We investigated host biomarkers detected serum samples obtained from adults with signs and symptoms suggestive primary healthcare clinics five African countries (Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, The Gambia Uganda), for the diagnosis disease. <h3>Methods</h3> prospectively enrolled individuals presenting warranting investigation pulmonary TB,...
New biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB) risk and disease are critical for the urgently needed control ongoing TB pandemic. In a prospective multisite study across Subsaharan Africa, we analyzed metabolic profiles in serum plasma from HIV-negative, TB-exposed individuals who either progressed to 3-24 months post-exposure (progressors) or remained healthy (controls). We generated trans-African biosignature TB, which identifies future progressors both on blinded test samples external data sets...
In a tuberculosis high-burden setting, reactivation (relapse) and reinfection follow different distributions over time after the successful completion of treatment. These temporal relationships have important implications for control follow-up in trials antituberculosis drugs.
ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is a global threat to which infants are especially vulnerable. Effective vaccines required protect from this devastating disease. VPM1002, novel recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine previously shown be safe and immunogenic in adults, was evaluated for safety its intended target population, namely, newborn region with high prevalence of tuberculosis. A total 48 newborns were vaccinated intradermally VPM1002 ( n = 36) or BCG Danish strain...
Abstract Improved tuberculosis diagnostics and tools for monitoring treatment response are urgently needed. We developed a robust simple, PCR-based host-blood transcriptomic signature, RISK6, multiple applications: identifying individuals at risk of incident disease, as screening test subclinical or clinical tuberculosis, treatment. RISK6 utility was validated by blind prediction using quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR in seven independent cohorts. Prognostic performance significantly...
There is an urgent need for new tools the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis disease. We evaluated potentials 74 host markers as biomarkers immunological and monitoring treatment response. Fifty-five individuals that presented with signs symptoms requiring investigation disease were prospectively recruited prior to clinical diagnosis, at a health centre in Cape Town, South Africa. Patients later classified having or other respiratory diseases (ORD) using combination clinical, radiological...
The development of a fast and accurate, non-sputum-based point-of-care triage test for tuberculosis (TB) would have major impact on combating the TB burden worldwide. A new fingerstick blood has been developed by Cepheid (the Xpert MTB Host Response [MTB-HR] prototype), which generates "TB score" based messenger RNA (mRNA) expression 3 genes. Here we describe first prospective findings MTB-HR prototype.
ABSTRACT Correct and rapid diagnosis is essential in the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In this population-based study 61 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, we evaluated frequency mutations compared performance genotypic (mutation analysis by dot blot hybridization) phenotypic (indirect proportion method) drug resistance tests. Three selected codons ( rpoB531, rpoB526 , katG315 ) allowed identification 90% MDR-TB cases. Ninety percent rifampin, streptomycin,...
The direct repeat (DR) region has been determined to be an important chromosomal domain for studying the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite this, very little is known about microevolutionary events associated with clonal expansion and how such influence interpretation both restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) spoligotype data. This study examined structure DR in three independently evolving lineages M. tuberculosis a combination DR-RFLP, spoligotyping, partial DNA...
The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for ongoing community transmission tuberculosis (TB) in two densely populated urban communities with a high incidence rate TB Cape Town, South Africa.Between 1993 and 1998 DNA fingerprints mycobacterial isolates from patients were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Cases whose shared identical fingerprint patterns considered belong the same cluster be attributable transmission.The average annual notification...
Evolution of the direct repeat region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has created unique spoligotype signatures specifically associated with IS6110-defined strain families. Spoligotyping may enable analysis population structure different settings and will rapid identification families that acquire drug resistance or escape protective immunity vaccine trials.
Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) of elements named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) have previously been identified in 12 minisatellite loci the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. These markers allow reliable high-throughput genotyping M. and represent a portable approach to global molecular epidemiology tuberculosis. To assess their temporal stability, we genotyped 123 serial isolates, separated by up 6 years belonging variety distinct IS6110 restriction fragment...
Brewelskloof Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa.