A5028351168- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Medication Adherence and Compliance
Stellenbosch University
2016-2025
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation
2016-2025
University Hospital Heidelberg
2022-2025
Heidelberg University
2022-2025
German Center for Infection Research
2023-2024
National Research Foundation
2020-2022
Robert Koch Institute
2021
Yale University
2016-2019
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2015-2018
Harvard University
2015-2018
ALTHOUGH CURABLE, TB frequently leaves the individual with chronic physical and psycho-social impairment, but these consequences have been largely neglected. The 1 st International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium (Stellenbosch, South Africa) was held to discuss priorities gaps in addressing this issue. A barrier progress has varied terminology nomenclature, so Delphi process used achieve consensus on definitions. Lack of sufficient evidence hampered definitive recommendations most domains,...
Many individuals who survive tuberculosis disease face ongoing disability and elevated mortality risks. However, the impact of post-tuberculosis sequelae is generally omitted from policy analyses burden estimates. We therefore estimated global tuberculosis, inclusive morbidity mortality.We constructed a hypothetical cohort developing in 2019, including pulmonary extrapulmonary disease. simulated lifetime health outcomes for this cohort, stratified by country, age, sex, HIV status, treatment...
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that post-TB lung disease (PTLD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on the assessment management PTLD implementation pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).METHODS: A panel global experts in field TB care PR was identified; 62 participated a Delphi process. 5-point Likert scale used score initial ideas for after several rounds revision document approved (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Five were...
Better access to tuberculosis testing is a key priority for fighting tuberculosis, the leading cause of infectious disease deaths in people. Despite roll-out molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics replace sputum smear microscopy over past decade, large diagnostic gap remains. Of estimated 10·6 million people who developed globally 2022, more than 3·1 were not diagnosed. An exclusive focus on improving test accuracy alone will be sufficient close tuberculosis. Diagnostic yield, which we...
In a tuberculosis high-burden setting, reactivation (relapse) and reinfection follow different distributions over time after the successful completion of treatment. These temporal relationships have important implications for control follow-up in trials antituberculosis drugs.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. In recent years, stringent measures to contain spread SARS-CoV-2 have led considerable disruptions healthcare services for TB in many countries. The extent which these affected testing, treatment initiation and outcomes has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed estimate service occurring during COVID-19 pandemic Brazil, India, South Africa. obtained country-level programme laboratory data used autoregressive...
The vast majority of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infected individuals are protected from developing and T cells centrally involved in this process. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate T-cell functions biomarker candidates disease susceptibility treatment efficacy M. infection. We determined the expression profile 29 selected miRNAs CD4+ patients contacts with latent infection (LTBI). These analyses showed lower miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, miR-142-3p patients. Whole blood miRNA...
BACKGROUND: Persistent respiratory symptoms and lung function deficits are common after patients with TB. We aimed to define the burden of post-TB disease (PTLD) assess associations between impairment in two high TB incidence communities.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey adults Cape Town, South Africa who completed treatment 1-5 years previously. Questionnaires, spirometry 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) were used relationships outcome measures associated factors.RESULTS: Of 145...
Background: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) are suboptimally sensitive to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) in young children. In this study we compared Mycobacterium antigen-stimulated IFN-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) responses children with active LTBI from non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenopathy respiratory tract (RTI). We also assessed test agreement between IP-10 the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) results, investigated whether...
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> In high-incidence settings, recurrent disease among previously treated individuals contributes substantially to the burden of incident and prevalent tuberculosis. The extent which interventions targeted this high-risk group can improve tuberculosis control has not been established. We aimed project population-level effect with a history previous treatment in setting. <h3>Methods</h3> developed transmission-dynamic model HIV setting population roughly 40...
Background In Western Europe, migrants constitute an important risk group for tuberculosis, but little is known about successive generations of migrants. We aimed to characterize migration among tuberculosis cases in Berlin and estimate annual rates two subsequent migrant generations. hypothesized that second generation born Germany are at higher compared native (non-migrant) residents. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All reported health authorities between 11/2010...
Abstract Introduction In high-burden settings, low-complexity screening tests for tuberculosis (TB) could expand the reach of community-based case-finding efforts. The potential costs and cost-effectiveness approaches incorporating these are poorly understood. Methods We developed a microsimulation model assessing 3 to in hypothetical populations (India-, South Africa-, Philippines-, Uganda-, Vietnam-like settings) with TB prevalence 4 times that national estimates: (1) point-of-care...
Current active case-finding (ACF) efforts for tuberculosis (TB) are limited by the costs, operational barriers, and sensitivity of available tools to confirm a TB diagnosis. However, it is not well understood which these limitations has greatest epidemiological relevance might therefore warrant prioritization in test development. We developed state-transition model one-time, community-based ACF intervention, with fixed budget one million United States dollars screening confirmatory testing....
In South Africa, low tuberculosis (TB) treatment coverage and high TB case fatality remain important challenges. Following diagnosis, patients must link with a primary health care (PHC) facility for initiation or continuation of antituberculosis registration. We aimed to evaluate mortality among who did not within 30 days their i.e. were “initial loss follow-up (ILTFU)” in Cape Town, Africa. prospectively included all routine laboratory clinical diagnosis made at PHC hospital level...
Rationale High rates of recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment have been reported from different high burden settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the rate smear-positive default. In particular, it not whether or defaulters continue to be become again and thus pose a potential for transmission infection others. Objective To investigate, setting, re-treatment among cases defaulting standardized compared successfully treated cases. Methods Retrospective...