Rape seeds primed with -1.2 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 showed improved germination performance. To better understand the beneficial effect of osmopriming on seed germination, a global expression profiling method was used to compare, for first time, transcriptomic and proteomic data osmoprimed at crucial phases priming procedure (soaking, drying), whole process subsequent germination. Brassica napus here as model dissect into its essential components. A total number 952 genes 75 proteins...

Abstract Cadmium ions are notorious environmental pollutants. To adapt to cadmium-induced deleterious effects plants have developed sophisticated defense mechanisms. However, the signaling pathways underlying plant response cadmium still elusive. Our data demonstrate that SnRK2s (for SNF1-related protein kinase2) transiently activated during exposure and involved in regulation of this stress. Analysis tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Osmotic Stress-Activated Protein Kinase activity Bright Yellow...

Leaf senescence is a tightly regulated developmental or stress-induced process. It accompanied by dramatic changes in cell metabolism and structure, eventually leading to the disintegration of chloroplasts, breakdown leaf proteins, internucleosomal fragmentation nuclear DNA ultimately death. In light global intense reorganization senescing transcriptome, measuring time-course gene expression patterns this model challenging due evident problems associated with selecting stable reference...

Copy number variations (CNVs) greatly contribute to intraspecies genetic polymorphism and phenotypic diversity. Recent analyses of sequencing data for >1000 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions focused on small did not include CNVs. Here, we performed genome-wide analysis identified large indels (50 499 bp) CNVs (500 bp larger) in these accessions. The fully overlap with 18.3% protein-coding genes, enrichment evolutionarily young genes involved stress defense. By combining both...

The aim of this study was to analyze whether polyamine (PA) metabolism is involved in dark-induced Hordeum vulgare L. 'Nagrad' leaf senescence. In the cell, titer PAs relatively constant and carefully controlled. Senescence-dependent increases free putrescine, spermidine spermine occurred when process induced, accompanied by formation putrescine conjugates. addition anti-senescing agent cytokinin, which delays senescence, dark-incubated leaves slowed senescence-dependent PA accumulation. A...

Abstract Only approximately 50% of all familial breast cancers can be explained by known genetic factors, including mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 . One the most extensively studied candidates for and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility is BARD1 Although it was suggested that large may contribute substantially to deleterious variants , no systematic study has been performed. To further elucidate role we designed a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay performed an analysis...

Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica species, is one of the most devastating diseases all over world, especially since there no known fully resistant cultivar. In this study, visualization black disease development on oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) leaves and subsequent ultrastructural, molecular physiological investigations were conducted. Inter- intracellular hyphae growth within leaf tissues led to loss host cell integrity various levels...

Transglutaminases (E.C. 2.3.2.13) catalyze the post-translational modification of proteins by establishing ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide bonds and covalent conjugation polyamines to endo-glutamyl residues proteins. In light confirmed role transglutaminases in animal cell apoptosis only limited information on these enzymes plant senescence, we decided investigate activity chloroplast (ChlTGases) fate chloroplast-associated Hordeum vulgare L. 'Nagrad' leaves, where senescence process was...

Abstract Plastids are small organelles equipped with their own genomes (plastomes). Although these involved in numerous plant metabolic pathways, current knowledge about the transcriptional activity of plastomes is limited. To solve this problem, we constructed a plastid tiling microarray (PlasTi-microarray) consisting 1629 oligonucleotide probes. The oligonucleotides were designed based on cucumber chloroplast genomic sequence and targeted both strands plastome non-contiguous arrangement....

A pool of small RNA fragments (RFs) derived from diverse cellular RNAs has recently emerged as a rich source functionally relevant molecules. Although their formation and accumulation been connected to various stress conditions, the knowledge on RFs produced upon viral infections is very limited. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) characterize generated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture model (HCV-permissive Huh-7.5 line). We found that both infected non-infected cells...

Intraspecies copy number variations (CNVs), defined as unbalanced structural of specific genomic loci, ≥1 kb in size, are present the genomes animals and plants. A growing examples indicate that CNVs may have functional significance contribute to phenotypic diversity. In model plant Arabidopsis thaliana at least several hundred protein-coding genes might display CNV; however, locus-specific genotyping studies this not been conducted. We analyzed natural region overlapping MSH2 gene encodes...

SNF1-Related protein kinases Type 2 (SnRK2) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom. They key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in response to osmotic stress. Here we established that SnRK2.4 SnRK2.10, ABA-nonactivated kinases, activated Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes during early salt stress contribute leaf growth retardation under prolonged salinity but act by maintaining different salt-triggered...

Experimental co-expression data and protein-protein interaction networks are frequently used to analyze the interactions among genes or proteins. Recent studies have investigated methods integrate these two sources of information. We propose a new method obtained through DNA microarray analysis (MA) (PPI) network data, apply it Arabidopsis thaliana. The proposed identifies small subsets highly interacting Based on basis co-localization mRNA developmental expression, we show that groups...

Copy number variants (CNVs) are intraspecies duplications/deletions of large DNA segments (> 1 kb). A growing reports highlight the functional and evolutionary impact CNV in plants, increasing need for appropriate tools that enable locus-specific genotyping on a population scale. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is considered gold standard humans. Consequently, numerous commercial MLPA assays CNV-related human diseases have been created. We routinely genotype complex...

Nicotiana benthamiana has been widely used in laboratories around the world for studying plant-pathogen interactions and posttranscriptional gene expression silencing. Yet exploration of its transcriptome lagged behind due to lack both adequate sequence information genome-wide analysis tools, such as DNA microarrays. Despite increasing use high-throughput sequencing technologies, microarrays still remain a popular tool, because they are cheaper less demanding regarding bioinformatics skills...

Abstract Background Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica species, is one of the most devastating diseases all over world, especially since there no known fully resistant cultivar. In this study, visualization black disease development on B. oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) leaves and subsequent ultrastructural, molecular physiological investigations were conducted. Results Following germination leaves, A. invaded host epidermal cells through...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes chronic liver diseases. Unfortunately, mechanisms HCV infection-induced injury and host-virus interactions are still not well recognized. To better understand these processes we determined changes in host gene expression that occur during Huh-7.5 cells. As a result, identified genes may contribute to immune metabolic cellular responses infection. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated induced an increased involved mitogen-activated...

Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a widespread pathogen infecting legumes. The PSV strains are classified into four subgroups and some defined by the association of satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In case PSV, presence satRNAs alters symptoms disease in infected plants. this study, we elucidated plant response to PSV-G strain, which occurs natural conditions without satRNA. However, it was found that might easily acquire satRNA, exacerbated pathogenesis Nicotiana benthamiana. To explain mechanisms...

Two early nodulin 40 (enod40) genes, ENOD40-1, the shortest legume ENOD40 gene, and ENOD40-2, were isolated from Lupinus luteus, a with indeterminate nodules. Both genes expressed at similar levels during symbiosis nitrogen-fixing bacteria. phylogeny clustered L. luteus legumes forming determinate nodules revealed peptide similarities. The ENOD40-1 small ORF A fused to reporter gene was efficiently in plant cells, indicating that start codon is recognized for translation. RNA structure...

Cell senescence occurs as a part of developmental or stress-induced process. It is tightly regulated and involves sequence metabolic structural alterations, eventually leading to cell death. Dark-induced leaf useful model for studying senescence-related events. To facilitate the integration physiological molecular studies utilizing this model, we generated microarray data set providing time course gene expression profiles in senescing barley leaves. Here, describe detailed procedures...

Metabolic gene clusters (MGCs) are groups of genes involved in a common biosynthetic pathway. They frequently formed dynamic chromosomal regions, which may lead to intraspecies variation and cause phenotypic diversity. We examined copy number variations (CNVs) four Arabidopsis thaliana MGCs over one thousand accessions with experimental bioinformatic approaches. Tirucalladienol marneral showed little variation, the latter was fixed population. Thalianol especially arabidiol/baruol displayed...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by RNA interference mechanism. In plants, miRNA genes (MIRs) which are grouped into conserved families, i.e. they present among the different plant taxa, involved in regulation of many developmental and physiological processes. The roles nonconserved MIRs-which MIRs restricted to one family, genus, or even species-are less recognized; however, them participate responses biotic abiotic stresses. Both over- underproduction miRNAs may influence...