A5084792779- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Renal and Vascular Pathologies
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
University of Cape Town
2016-2025
Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital
2015-2025
Howard University
2024
University of Birmingham
2021
Avacta (United Kingdom)
2019
University of California, Davis
2017
Johns Hopkins University
2014
Groote Schuur Hospital
2012-2013
McMaster University
2013
Birmingham Women's Hospital
2013
ABSTRACT We present a rapid analytic framework for predicting kilonova light curves following neutron star (NS) mergers, where the main input parameters are binary-based properties measurable by gravitational wave detectors (chirp mass and ratio, orbital inclination) dependent on nuclear equation of state (tidal deformability, maximum NS mass). This enables synthesis sample any source population, or determination observing depth needed to detect live given in low latency. validate this code,...
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the influence of vitamin D on BMC and fracture risk in children Black African ancestry are lacking. We conducted a sub-study (n = 450) nested within phase 3 RCT weekly oral supplementation with 10 000 IU D3 vs placebo for yr HIV-uninfected Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6-11 yr. Outcomes were at whole body less head (WBLH) LS serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D3), PTH, alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide, PINP. Incidence fractures was...
To determine the population-based incidence of disseminated bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease in HIV-infected infants (aged <or= 1 year) a setting with high burden tuberculosis and HIV infection coupled well-functioning programme for prevention infants.The numerator, or number new cases BCG disease, was derived from multicentre surveillance data collected prospectively on confirmed during 2004-2006. The denominator, total who were BCG-vaccinated, estimates live reported maternal...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) dramatically improves outcomes for children in Africa; however excellent adherence is required treatment success. This study describes the utility of different measures detecting lapses infants and young Cape Town, South Africa. In a prospective cohort 122 HIV-infected commenced on ART, was measured monthly during first year by medication return (MR) both syrups tablets/capsules. A questionnaire administered to caregivers after 3 months assess experience with...
Objective: Rifampicin dramatically reduces plasma lopinavir concentrations (coformulated with ritonavir in a 4:1 ratio). A study healthy adult volunteers showed that this reduction could be ameliorated if additional is given. We evaluated the effect of on HIV-infected children receiving rifampicin-based treatment for tuberculosis. Methods: measured 2 parallel groups combination antiretroviral therapy included lopinavir-ritonavir, and without antitubercular treatment. Additional was given...
The Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine is focused on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention and related topics relevant to clinical public health practice. purpose the journal disseminate original research results support high-level learning Medicine. It publishes articles, editorials, case reports/case series, reviews state-of-the-art practice correspondence.
To determine whether weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D
Data on tuberculosis (TB) incidence and risk factors among children living with HIV (CLHIV) in the universal ART era are limited.
Globally, children living with HIV continue to lag behind UNAIDS targets for viral suppression (VS). Because studies linked mother-child data are limited, we describe VS and associated factors among young in a setting early infant testing (at birth, age 10 weeks 6 months) protease inhibitor-based first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). We analysed routinely collected born 2018-2022 Western Cape province, South Africa (followed through mid-2023). assessed associations between child maternal...
Studies examining hospitalization among young children with HIV in resource-limited settings, the context of early infant diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, are limited. We used routinely collected data to describe patterns (age ≤5 years), born 2018-2022, who were diagnosed (Western Cape province, South Africa). mixed-effects Poisson models examine factors associated overall after ART initiation. included 2219 children, 30% at birth (≤7 days), an additional 41% before age...
Objective: Efavirenz-containing regimens using concentration-controlled dosing have been shown to provide potent antiretroviral activity in children. In many settings, is not available. this study, efavirenz plasma concentrations were evaluated South African HIV-infected children receiving efavirenz-based treatment. Methods: Three consecutive blood samples drawn between 12 and 24 hours after 15 the recommended daily doses of efavirenz. Validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry...
Setting: Rifampicin may reduce plasma efavirenz concentrations by inducing the expression of cytochrome P450 2B6, which metabolizes efavirenz. However, there is no data in pediatric patient populations. Methods: We measured 15 children during and after rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment. They were receiving standard doses as part antiretroviral Trough concentration (Cmin) was estimated extrapolation log-linear concentration-time line to 24 hours previous dose. Results: Wide...
Background Coadministration of rifampicin dramatically reduces the concentrations protease inhibitors. A pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults showed that doubling dose coformulated lopinavir/ritonavir was able to overcome inducing effect rifampicin. We evaluated this strategy children treated with rifampicin-based antituberculosis therapy attending antiretroviral clinics South Africa. Methods Plasma lopinavir were measured (aged 0.64–2.43 years) established on treatment who commenced...
An efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is preferred for children more than 3 years of age with tuberculosis. However, rifampin, a key component antituberculosis therapy, induces CYP2B6. increased dose efavirenz recommended in adults weighing 50 kg who require but there scant information being treated tuberculosis.Plasma concentrations were compared 40 during concomitant treatment tuberculosis and HIV-1, after stopping rifampicin, control group without Associations treatment,...
BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in paediatric patients with bloodstream infections. The epidemiology of S. bacteraemia, however, has not been well documented children South Africa. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a children’s hospital Cape Town, Africa, to investigate the bacteraemia from 2007-2011. incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, management and outcomes methicillin sensitive (MSSA) resistant (MRSA) were compared. ResultsOver five year...
Bloodstream infection (BSI) in children causes significant morbidity and mortality. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of BSI South African children.A retrospective descriptive cohort study was conducted at a paediatric referral hospital Cape Town, Africa. The National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) microbiology database accessed to identify positive blood culture specimens during period 2011-2012. Demographic clinical details, antimicrobial management patient outcome...
To describe the frequency, risk factors, and clinical features of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) complications in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).A retrospective study started on HAART between August 2002 November 2004 was completed.Six percent (21/352; 95% CI 3.7-8.0%) developed BCG complications. All ipsilateral axillary lymphadenitis; one child had suspected disseminated infection. There were 14 females; median age at start 5 months. disease...
Despite the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination for many years, infants and young children exposed to adults with infectious forms tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk developing complicated TB disease. This is much higher among HIV-infected children, data on BCG protective efficacy in lacking. Recent research safety has resulted policy shifts, but implementation challenging. New approaches preventing particularly infants, needed. paper briefly reviews considerations discusses...
Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) is common among adults in Cape Town, South Africa, but studies investigating vitamin status of children this setting are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants 1825 Town schoolchildren aged 6−11 years. Prevalence was 7.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 6.5% 8.9%). Determinants included month sampling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for July−September vs. January−March 10.69, 95% CI...
Objective To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren. Design Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Setting Socioeconomically disadvantaged peri-urban district of Cape Town, Africa. Participants 1682 children black ancestry attending government primary schools and aged 6–11 years at baseline. Interventions Oral (10 000 IU/week) versus placebo...
This guideline provides a rational and cost-effective approach to patients with acute meningitis, which causes considerable morbidity mortality, predominantly in children.There are many aetiologies, but small number of bacteria viruses account for the majority cases. There should be low threshold suspecting is medical emergency antibiotics not delayed. Blood culture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis most important diagnostic tests performed whenever it safe practical. Contraindications...