In previous studies the cerebellar interpositus (IP) nucleus, but not hippocampus, was shown to be necessary both for initial learning and retention long-term of standard delay eyeblink conditioned response (CR). However, in trace CR procedure, hippocampus is also retention, retention. Here authors evaluate role IP nucleus CR, using muscimol infusion reversibly inactivate nucleus. For short-term study, there were two subgroups, first sequentially passed through acquisition, inactivation,...

The herb Centella asiatica has long been considered a memory tonic. A recent review found no strong evidence for improvement of cognitive function, suggesting negative results were due to limitations in dose, standardization and product variation. We used standardized extract C. (ECa 233) study behavioral, cellular molecular effects on learning enhancement. ECa 233 (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) was given orally normal rats twice day 30 days. the Morris water maze test spatial performed acute brain...

Bacopa monnieri has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a memory enhancer for long time; however, its direct effect on synaptic plasticity not investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is first to report B. long-term potentiation acute hippocampal slices. Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered either sterile water or ethanolic extract 60 days. The extracellular recording was performed measure field excitatory postsynaptic potential slices these rats. Our results showed...

Chronic cerebral ischemia hypoperfusion plays a role in the initiation and progression of vascular dementia, which causes changes metabolites. Currently, there is no standard treatment to treat, prevent reduce severity this condition. Thai herbal Yahom no.20 (YHF20) indicated for fatigue dizziness. The components YHF20 have been found pharmacological effects related pathology chronic hypoperfusion. This study aimed investigate metabolomic after administration rat model permanent bilateral...

Climbing fiber input to the cerebellum is believed serve as a teaching signal during associative, cerebellum-dependent forms of motor learning. However, it not understood how this neural pathway coordinates changes in cerebellar circuitry Here, we use pharmacological manipulations prolong postcomplex spike pause, component climbing Purkinje neurons, and show that these enhance rate learning classical eyelid conditioning. Our findings elucidate an unappreciated aspect signal, are consistent...

Mirror-image pain is a kind of that occurs on the contralateral side, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To develop an osteoarthritis mouse model for investigating mirror-image through observing nocifensive behaviors, histological changes, and nociceptive activity at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 after chemical induction unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis. Methodology We randomly divided 6-week-old mice into sham complete Freund adjuvant groups. induce we applied...

Fear dysregulation is one of the symptoms found in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. The functional abnormality hippocampus known to be implicated development such pathology. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) belongs peroxiredoxin family. This antioxidant enzyme expressed throughout brain, including hippocampus. Recent evidence reveals that PRDX6 plays an important role redox regulation and modulation several signaling molecules involved fear regulation. Thus, we hypothesized a memory....

To investigate the effect of a standardized extract Centella asiatica (ECa 233), which has anti-inflammatory properties, on local expression transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), acid-sensing ion channel subunit 3 (ASIC3), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structure 21 days after injecting TMJ with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).A mouse model was induced by analyzing CFA-injected 7, 14, 21. We assessed histology osteoarthritis cartilage...

Anterior pituitary endocrine cells that release hormones such as growth hormone and prolactin are excitable fire action potentials. In these cells, several studies previously showed extracellular sodium (Na+) removal resulted in a negative shift of the resting membrane potential (RMP) subsequent inhibition spontaneous firing potentials, suggesting contribution Na+ background conductance. Here, we show leak channel NALCN conducts Ca2+- Gd3+-sensitive TTX-resistant conductance GH3 cell line,...

The conditioning context arises from the relatively static features of training environment. In rabbit eyeblink conditioning, procedures that retard acquisition (conditioned stimulus [CS] preexposure, unconditioned blocking manipulations) are attenuated by changes. this article authors investigate effect exposure after initial delay conditioning. After conditioned responses (CRs) were established, one group received 6 sessions exposure, whereas control groups either remained in their home...

Objective To examine the long-term effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LFrTMS) combined with task-specific training on paretic hand function following subacute stroke. Methods Sixteen participants were randomly selected and grouped into two: experimental group (real LFrTMS) control (sham LF-rTMS). All 16 then taken through a 1-hour taskspecific hand. The corticospinal excitability (motor evoke potential [MEP] amplitude) non-lesioned hemisphere, performance...

Background Task-oriented training with upper extremity (UE) skilled movements has been established as a method to regain function post stroke. Although improved UE shown after this type of therapy, there is minimal evidence that brain plasticity associated training. The accelerated skill acquisition program (ASAP) an example approach for promoting using targeting movements.Objective To investigate the effects single 2-hour session ASAP in individuals stroke on measures represented by...

Abstract Chronic inflammatory temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain has a high prevalence, and available nonspecific treatments have adverse side effects. ECa 233, standardized Centella asiatica extract, is highly anti-inflammatory safe. We investigated its therapeutic effects by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into right joint of mice administering either ibuprofen or 233 (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. Inflammatory nociceptive markers, bone density, hypersensitivity were...

ECa 233 is the standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae). It contains at least 85% triterpenoid glycosides and yields neuroprotective memory-enhancing effects. However, exact molecules exerting effects might be triterpenic acid metabolites reproduced through gut metabolism after orally ingesting C. asiatica, not glycosides.This study demonstrates effect unmetabolized on hippocampal synaptic plasticity directly perfusing over acute brain slices.The slices obtained from...

Abstract Perilla seed oil, derived from a regional plant native to northern Thailand, undergoes cold‐pressing analyze its bioactive components, notably alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA). ALA, constituting approximately 61% of the serves as precursor for therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, with neurodegenerative disease benefits anti‐inflammatory responses. This study administered different concentrations perilla oil male C57BL/6 mice, categorized low dose (LP 5% w/w), middle (MP 10% high...

Background and Aim: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant health-care challenge, often linked to cognitive decline caused by oxidative stress. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of Paederia foetida leaf extract (PFE) in rats that exhibited scopolamine-induced dementia mimicking AD. Materials Methods: Forty-two male were treated with either donepezil (0.5 mg/kg) or PFE at doses 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg for 14 days before after beginning Alzheimer’s-like symptoms...

ECa 233 is a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (CA), an herb widely used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Previous studies reported that enhanced memory retention synaptic plasticity the hippocampus healthy rats. Because this, we became curious whether has therapeutic effect on fear deficit triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD) model mice. Fear crucial emotional for survival found to be impaired patients with early-onset (AD). In this study, orally...

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid-β peptides produced from β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP). Because α-secretase cleavage ADAM10 and ADAM17 takes place in middle Aβ, its activation considered as a promising anti-AD therapeutic track. Here we establish that polyherbal Wattana formula (WNF) stimulates sAPPα production cells neuronal non-neuronal origins through an increase both catalytic activities with no modification BACE1 activity expression. This...

Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rodents induces chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, mimicking vascular dementia elderly people.It causes inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to neuronal loss the hippocampus, white matter injuries impairments of spatial learning memory.Thai Herbal Sahatsatara formula (STF) has anti-inflammatory antioxidant actions which might protect neurons matter.This experiment was investigate possible protective effects STF.Twenty-eight...