The role of each the Streptococcus mutans gtf genes coding for glucan synthesis in cariogenesis was evaluated by using strain UA130 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) rat model system. Mutants defective either or both required insoluble synthesis, gtfB and gtfC genes, exhibited markedly reduced levels smooth-surface carious lesions relative to that parental organism. Likewise, mutant gtfD gene glucosyltransferase-S enzyme synthesizing water-soluble glucans also produced significantly fewer than...

The loss of teeth is known to influence the mastication foods and nutritional status. Therefore, we hypothesize that poor dentition status can impair systemic health aged. To clarify on deterioration in physical ability, mental impairment, mortality, conducted a six-year prospective cohort study institutionalized elderly living 29 30 institutions for Kitakyushu, Japan. Bivariate analysis revealed worse at baseline led significantly higher mortality. In multiple logistic regression analysis,...

Abstract This population-based study determined the salivary microbiota composition of 2,343 adult residents Hisayama town, Japan, using 16S rRNA gene next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Of 550 identified species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 72 were common, in ≥75% all individuals, as well individuals lowest quintile phylogenetic diversity (PD). These “core” OTUs constituted 90.9 ± 6.1% each microbiome. The relative abundance profiles 22 core with mean abundances ≥1%...

Abstract Objectives Malnutrition and cognitive impairment lead to declines in activities of daily living ( ADL ). Nutritional status ability have been shown correlate with oral health swallowing function. However, the complex relationship among factors that affect decline is not understood. We examined direct indirect relationships status, function, nutritional ability, Japanese elderly people at home receiving care services because physical disabilities. Methods Participants were 286...

Background: Recent studies have reported a relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. Obesity is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is, in turn, An oral glucose tolerance test necessary to diagnose diabetes; however, no study has examined disease by taking results into consideration. Methods: In all, 584 Japanese women aged 40 79 years old, with at least 10 teeth, underwent health examinations. Body mass index, waist–hip ratio, body fat, were used as independent...

Recent studies have shown that adiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived cytokine, acts as a potent inhibitor of inflammatory responses. It has been also demonstrated bacterial and viral signalings in host cells are triggered via Toll‐like receptor (TLR) molecules. Therefore, the present study, we investigated whether globular adiponectin (gAd) would be able to inhibit TLR‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling mouse macrophages (RAW264). gAd predominantly bound AdipoR1 suppressed NF‐κB...

Recent studies have suggested that several systemic conditions—such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes—are related to periodontitis. The objective of this study was examine the relationship between periodontitis 5 components metabolic syndrome—abdominal triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood pressure, fasting sugar level—in 584 Japanese women. In multivariate analyses, persons exhibiting more syndrome had significantly higher odds ratios for a...

Background: Green tea is a very popular beverage, and in vitro studies have shown that green polyphenols inhibit the growth cellular adherence of periodontal pathogens their production virulence factors. We investigated epidemiologic relationship between intake disease. Methods: analyzed 940 Japanese men aged 49 to 59 years as part comprehensive health examination. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP) were used parameters. examined The was defined...

Objectives To clarify the effect of tooth loss on development all‐cause dementia and its subtypes in an elderly Japanese population. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The Hisayama Study, Japan. Participants Community‐dwelling adults without aged 60 older (N = 1,566) were followed for 5 years (2007–2012). Measurements classified into four categories according to baseline number remaining teeth (≥20, 10–19, 1–9, 0). risk estimates dementia, Alzheimer's disease ( AD ), vascular (VaD)...

Objectives To assess acetaldehyde (ACH) production by bacteria constituting the oral microbiota and inhibitory effects of sugar alcohols on ACH production. Materials Methods The predominant bacterial components salivary 166 orally healthy subjects were determined barcoded pyrosequencing analysis 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial from ethanol or glucose was measured using gas chromatography. In addition, inhibition four sugars five assayed. Results Forty‐one species 16 genera selected as prevalent...

Aspiration of oral contents can lead to pneumonia, which is a major cause death among elderly adults susceptible swallowing impairments. Tongue microbiota are dominant source microbial populations that ingested with saliva. This large-scale population-based study revealed variations in the tongue community-dwelling adults. The total bacterial density was independent conditions teeth surrounding tongue, whereas composition, especially relative abundances predominant commensals, showed an...

Although they are known to share pathophysiological processes, the relationship between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The aim of present study was test hypothesis that associated with a greater risk development COPD, when smoking taken into account. analysis in 5-y follow-up population-based cohort based on 900 community-dwelling Japanese adults (age: 68.8 ± 6.3 [mean SD], 46.0% male) without COPD aged 60 or older at least 1 tooth....

The salivary microbiota is constantly swallowed and delivered to the digestive tract. These bacteria may be associated with gastrointestinal diseases. This case-control study examined in patients tract cancer (DTC) evaluated their differential distribution based on sites. We collected saliva samples from 59 any part of (tongue/pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine) 118 age- sex-matched control subjects. There was no significant difference periodontal status between DTC subjects (P =...

Ectopic enrichment of oral microbes in the gut is a notable alteration microbial balance. These are likely delivered from cavity with saliva and food; however, evidence oral–gut transmission insufficient needs further investigation. In this observational study, we examined 144 pairs stool samples collected community-dwelling adults to verify link identify relevant influencing factors on increased abundance within gut. The bacterial composition each sample was determined using PacBio...

Background: A previous study showed the relationship between intake of dairy products and periodontitis, but types that confer a benefit on periodontal health status have not been determined. Methods: We analyzed 942 subjects aged 40 to 79 years as part comprehensive examination Hisayama Town, Fukuoka, Japan. Probing depth (PD) clinical attachment loss (CAL) were used parameters. The dietary survey was conducted using semiquantitative food frequency method. examined products, such milk,...

Background: Metabolic syndrome is becoming a common disorder worldwide. Studies have shown relationship between metabolic and periodontal disease, although information on the limited. Methods: We analyzed 1,070 Japanese people aged 40, 50, 60, 70 years who participated in health examinations Miyazaki City, Japan. examined each component number of positive components (obesity, high blood pressure, low high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, plasma glucose) status...

Aim: This study aimed to determine the risk of malnutrition in some communities where frail elderly receive public long‐term care insurance. We also clarified dental problems those at malnutrition. Methods: A total 716 who lived eight cities Japan (240 males and 476 females with a mean age 83.2 ± 8.6 years) were divided into three groups according Mini Nutritional Assessment short form results: well nourished, malnourished. They terms remaining teeth occlusion denture occlusion: group A,...

Although the presence of dysphagia is a key determinant nutritional status among older adults, few studies have focused on association between malnutrition and risk in community-dwelling frail adults. This study estimated prevalence quantified Japanese adults requiring long-term care.

Both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) are frequently detected in large amounts malodorous mouth air. We investigated the bacterial composition of saliva 30 subjects with severe oral malodor exhibiting extreme CH3SH/H2S ratios (high H2S but low CH3SH concentrations, n = 14; high 16) 13 without malodor, using barcoded pyrosequencing analysis 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic community UniFrac distance metric revealed a distinct structure each group. The group showed higher...

Supragingival plaque is permanently in contact with saliva. However, the extent to which microbiota contributes salivary bacterial population remains unclear. We compared compositional shift that supragingival following periodontal therapy. Samples were collected from 19 patients periodontitis before and after therapy (mean sample collection interval, 25.8±2.6 months), their composition was investigated using barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic community UniFrac...

A comparison of national surveys on oral health suggested that the population South Korea has a better periodontal status than Japan, despite their similar inherent backgrounds. Here, we investigated differences in bacterial assemblages between individuals from those two countries. To exclude potential effects condition microbiota, selected 52 Korean and 88 Japanese orally healthy adults (aged 40–79 years) participants cohort studies, Yangpyeong study Hisayama Japan compared salivary...

Increasing attention is being focused on evaluating the salivary microbiota as a promising method for monitoring oral health; however, its bacterial composition greatly differs from that of dental plaque microbiota, which dominant etiologic factor diseases. This study evaluated relative abundance subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in and examined relationship between severity periodontal condition patients with periodontitis. Four samples (subgingival supragingival plaques, saliva, tongue...

While mutans streptococci have long been assumed to be the specific pathogen responsible for human dental caries, concept of a complex caries-associated microbiota has received significant attention in recent years. Molecular analyses revealed complexity with predominance Lactobacillus and Prevotella carious dentine lesions. However, characterization dentin not extensively explored different ethnicities races. In present study, bacterial communities Japanese subjects were analyzed...