The biological process underlying axonal myelination is complex and often prone to injury disease. ratio of the inner diameter total outer or g-ratio widely utilized as a functional structural index optimal myelination. Based on speed fiber conduction, Rushton was first derive theoretical estimate 0.6 [1]. This limit nicely explains experimental data for myelinated axons obtained some peripheral fibers but appears significantly lower than that found CNS fibers. is, however, hardly surprising...

Though most experimental evidence indicates that the corticothalamic (CT) pathway would exert a direct excitatory action on thalamic relay neurons, electrophysiological features of this excitation have never been clearly described. A methodological problem in previous studies was corticofugal effects cells could not be separated from those mediated by collateral activation reticular neurons. In present study, complex lesioned kainic acid and CT response neurons ventral lateral nucleus...

This study explored the viability and efficacy of integrating cadence-matched, salient music into a walking intervention for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty-two people PD were randomised to control (CTRL, n = 11) or experimental (MUSIC, group. MUSIC subjects walked an individualised playlist three times week period. Playlists designed meet subject's musical preferences. In addition, tempo closely matched (±10-15 bpm) preferred cadence. CTRL continued their regular activities...

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from 112 supraoptic nucleus magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in superfused explants of rat hypothalamus maintained vitro. The effects glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists examined at 32‐34 degrees C. 2. In control solutions, spontaneously active (> 5 Hz) phasic or continuous neurones showed interspike interval distributions slightly skewed toward short intervals, but did not feature pauses the 0.4‐2 s range. Current injection to...

Objective To analyze the effects of different family environmental backgrounds and mental health problems on academic buoyancy to explore potential mechanisms their effects, using a sample 2085 medical students in Jiangsu province. Methods Using multiple linear regression impact environment contexts. Results (1) Higher income parental literacy implied higher levels children; (2) were negatively related, generalized anxiety uncertainty stress predicted levels; (3) may have an indirect effect...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventrolateral thalamus stops several forms tremor. Microelectrode recordings in human have revealed tremor cells that fire synchronous with electromyographic The efficacy DBS likely depends on its ability to modify activity these either synaptically by stopping afferent signals or directly altering intrinsic membrane currents neurons. To test possibilities, whole-cell patch-clamp ventral thalamic neurons were obtained from rat slices. was simulated (sDBS)...

1. The central auditory pathway linking the inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) of thalamus consists a segregated ventral lemniscal dorsal non‐lemniscal projection whose synaptic transmission mechanisms remain unknown. Extracellular intracellular recordings combined with axonal tract tracing cell staining were made from divisions adult rat MGB maintained acutely in vitro explants containing parallel tectothalamic projections. 2. Biocytin deposition within brachium IC...

High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamus alleviates most kinds of tremor, yet its mechanism action is unknown. Studies subthalamic nucleus and other sites have emphasized non-synaptic factors. To explore underlying thalamic DBS, we simulated DBS vitro by applying high-frequency (125 Hz) electrical directly into sensorimotor adult rat slices. Intracellular recordings revealed two distinct types membrane responses, both which were initiated with a depolarization rapid spike...

1. Vasopressin‐secreting neurones in the rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus display patterned spontaneous phasic activity, which is apparently maintained vivo through yet unidentified neurotransmitter system(s). The present investigation used extracellular recording techniques anaesthetized Long‐Evans rats to evaluate whether mechanism underlying firing provided via a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors. 2. N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) reliably evoked bursts activity twenty‐seven...

Axonal excitation has been proposed as a key mechanism in therapeutic brain stimulation. In this study we examined how high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of subcortical white matter tracts projecting to motor cortex affects downstream postsynaptic responses cortical neurons. Whole cell recordings were performed the primary (M1) and ventral thalamus rat slices. M1, neurons showed only an initial depolarization response HFS, after which membrane potential returned prestimulation levels. The...

Regulation of neuronal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is critical in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Protein kinase C (PKC) promotes NMDAR trafficking to the cell surface via interaction with NMDAR-associated proteins (NAPs). Little known, however, about NAPs that are PKC-induced trafficking. Here, we showed calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein II (CaMKII) could be a NAP mediates potentiation by PKC. PKC activation promoted level autophosphorylated CaMKII increased association NMDARs,...

Objective This study aims to establish the precise prevalence of sleep disorders among university students in Jiangsu Province. Utilizing a representative sample students, we measured their quality based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Our objective is quantitatively assess magnitude and identify key factors. By detailed analysis these relationships, our seeks provide actionable insights for development targeted interventions enhance within this population. Methods From October...

In China, a significant number of undergraduates are experiencing poor sleep quality. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence quality and identify associated factors among in Jiangsu Province, China.

Background Cell phone addiction presents a widespread and severe physical mental health concern, now recognized as global public issue. Among medical college students, the issue of poor sleep quality has become particularly prevalent. This study aimed to investigate relationship between cell disturbance in population exploring potential mediating role psychological resilience moderating impact gender. Methods A random cluster sampling method was employed survey 5,048 students from four...

Background Frailty is a dynamic and complex geriatric condition characterized by multi-domain declines in physiological, gait cognitive function. This study examined whether digital health technology can facilitate frailty identification improve the efficiency of diagnosis optimizing analytical machine learning approaches using select factors from comprehensive assessment characteristics. Methods As part an ongoing on observational Aging, we prospectively recruited 214 individuals living...

1. The cellular mechanisms underlying temporal synaptic signalling of tectothalamic pathways were investigated in rat medial geniculate body (MGB) maintained vitro. Stimulation the brachium inferior colliculus elicited either a short latency, single‐ (or dual‐) spike or long latency (10‐80 ms) burst MGB neurones. delayed response was found most non‐lemniscal caudodorsal (MGd) neurones, whereas single‐spike units mainly seen lemniscal ventral (MGv). Population analysis revealed that overall...

Mammalian thalamus is a critical site where early perception of sensorimotor signals dynamically regulated by acetylcholine in behavioral state-dependent manner. In this study, we examined how synaptic transmission modulated auditory sensory relay neurons form parallel lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways. The former mediates tonotopic acoustic signals, whereas the latter involved detecting transmitting cues relevance. We report here that activation cholinergic muscarinic receptors had...