Dendritic spines are actin-rich compartments that protrude from the microtubule-rich dendritic shafts of principal neurons. Spines contain receptors and postsynaptic machinery for receiving majority glutamatergic inputs. Recent studies have shown microtubules polymerize into signaling through synaptic NMDA regulates this process. However, mechanisms regulating microtubule dynamics in dendrites remain unclear. Here we show hippocampal neurons male female mice, enter highly localized sites at...

Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, warranting urgent need for a new treatment option. Plant-derived nanovesicles containing bioactive compounds represent therapeutic avenues due to their unique characteristics as natural nanocarriers molecules with effects. Recent evidence has revealed potential anticancer activity from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (fingerroot). However, effect and underlying mechanisms fingerroot-derived (FDNVs) against colorectal...

Endocytic protein trafficking is directed by sorting signals on cargo molecules that are recognized cytosolic adaptor proteins. However, the steps necessary to segregate variety of cargoes during endocytosis remain poorly defined. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we demonstrate multiple plasma membrane endocytic adaptors function redundantly regulate clathrin-mediated and recruit components endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery cell surface direct ubiquitin-modified...

Abstract Background MiRNAs have the potential to use as diagnostic biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders However, possibility of using miRNAs a biomarker diagnosis and prognosis substance has extensively investigated. Aims & Objectives In this study, we aimed investigate expression in serum patients with methamphetamine disorder admitted at an addiction center compared control. Method We extracted circulating from 19 users controls. The 800 human samples were quantified NanoString...

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a prominent cause of disability in schizophrenia. Although antipsychotic drugs can rescue the psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairments persist, with no treatment available. Alterations BDNF, VEGF, TNF‐α, and S100B have been linked to several neurological disorders. However, it remains unclear whether their levels are correlated functions schizophrenia patients. Forty‐one chronic, medicated patients were included this study. Enzyme‐linked, immunosorbent...

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is one leading targets chemotherapy agents developed for CRC. present study aimed to investigate anti-cancer effects molecular mechanisms 19-O-triphenylmethyl andrographolide (RS-PP-050), an analogue determine its activity pathway. RS-PP-050 was found potently inhibit proliferation survival HT-29 CRC cells. It induces cell cycle arrest promotes apoptotic death which associated with...

CIP4, a member of the F-BAR family proteins, plays important roles in variety cellular events by regulating both membrane and actin dynamics. In many cell types CIP4 functions vesicle formation, endocytosis tubulation. However, recent data indicate that is also involved protrusion some types, including cancer cells (lamellipodia invadopodia) neurons (ribbed lamellipodia veils). neurons, localizes specifically to extending protrusions limit neurite outgrowth early development. The mechanism...

The heterotrimeric, G protein-coupled receptor-associated protein, Gα(s), binds tubulin with nanomolar affinity and disrupts microtubules in cells vitro. Here we determine that the activated form of Gα(s) a K(D) 100 nm, stimulates GTPase, promotes microtubule dynamic instability. Moreover, data reveal α3-β5 region is functionally important motif Gα(s)-mediated destabilization. Indeed, peptides corresponding to mimic protein activating GTPase increase We have identified specific mutations or...

Neurodegenerative diseases are irreversible conditions that result in progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells. Although the underlying mechanisms may vary, oxidative stress is considered to be one major causes neuronal loss. Importantly, there still no comprehensive treatments completely cure these diseases. Therefore, protecting neurons from damage most effective therapeutic strategy. Here we report a neuroprotective effects novel hybrid compound (dlx-23), obtained by conjugating...

Uncontrolled and excessive microglial activation is known to contribute inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Therefore, reducing neurotoxic may serve as a new approach preventing Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of panduratin A against induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in SIMA9 cell line. We initially examined properties measuring LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production levels pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Panduratin significantly reduced NO...

A novel and concise synthetic approach for the preparation of 6,20-epoxy <italic>ent</italic>-kaurane diterpenoid from oridonin was established.

Gastric cancer is the most common in Eastern Asia. Increasing chemoresistance and general systemic toxicities have complicated current chemotherapy leading to an urgent need of more effective agents. The present study reported a potent DNA topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity andrographolide analogue (19-triisopropyl andrographolide, analogue-6) gastric cells; MKN-45, AGS cells. was potently cytotoxic both cell lines with half maximal concentration (IC50 values) 6.3±0.7 μM, 1.7±0.05 μM at...

Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) regulate several cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, dynamics. While MAMs are upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanisms underlying this increase remain unknown. A possible mechanism may include dysregulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is reduced AD brain. Furthermore, PP2A has been previously reported to modulate MAM formation hepatocytes. However, it unknown whether linked neuronal...

Chronically activated microglia and brain vascular damage are major causes of neuroinflammation. The aim this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects nitro capsaicin, a newly modified capsaicin with less irritating characteristics, against microglial activation microvascular endothelial cell damage. Using SIMA9 line, we found that reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated better than its parent compound, capsaicin. Nitro also decreased expression proinflammatory...

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a major neurotrophic factor that elicits several important roles in the nervous system including neuronal development, synaptic plasticity and survival. It known BDNF can be detected blood circulation its level altered during exercise. However, which form of how released from brain into exercise are still unknown. Exosomes small vesicles secreted cells carry number molecules one cell to another. Several studies showed exosomes proteins able cross...

Abstract While several therapeutic strategies exist for depression, most antidepressant drugs require weeks before reaching full biochemical efficacy and remission is not entirely achieved in many patients. Therefore, biomarkers depression drug-response would help tailor treatment strategies. This study made use of banked human lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs) from normal depressed subjects; the latter divided into remitters non-remitters. Due to fact that previous studies have shown effects on...

Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant form of brain tumor. This devastating tumor results in death within a year after diagnosis. Although mass can be surgically removed, glioma cells invade other areas leading to recurrence poor prognosis. Therefore, new agents that overcome cancer cell invasion are urgently required. Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille (P. taxodiifolius), has been reported have potent anti-cancer activities. However, its effects on glioblastoma underlying mechanisms...