Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, singing activities for children and young people have been strictly regulated with far-reaching consequences music education in schools ensemble choir some places. This is also due to fact, that there has no reliable data available on aerosol emissions from adolescents speaking, singing, shouting. By utilizing a laser particle counter cleanroom conditions we show, emit fewer particles during than what known so far adults. In our data, emission rates...

The use of machine learning in building technology has become increasingly important recent years. One the applications is heating load prediction, which enables demand-side flexibility. Most studies consider prediction without sufficient context with existing characteristics. For an accurate suitable features have to be selected according their importance, feature importance (FI). scope this paper investigate whether there a relationship between characteristics and FI if so, how strong is....

Abstract In this study, emission rates of aerosols emitted by professional singers were measured with a laser particle counter under cleanroom conditions. The during singing varied between 753 and 6093 particles/sec median 1537 particles/sec. Emission for compared data breathing speaking. Significantly higher found singing. enhancements speaking 4.0 99.5 17.4, largely due to sound pressure levels when Further, significant effects vocal loudness found, whereas there no differences the...

Abstract Currently, the respiratory route is seen as most important transmission path for SARS-CoV-2. In this investigation, models of other researchers which had aim predicting an infection risk exposed persons in a room through aerosols emitted by infectious case-patient were extended. As novelty – usually neglected parameters or boundary conditions, namely non-stationarity and half-life aerosolized virus, included new method determining quanta emission rate based on measurements particle...

Eine am Hermann-Rietschel-Institut durchgeführte Studie unterstreicht die Vorteile einer Quelllüftung gegenüber Mischlüftung in Bezug auf Kontaminationskontrolle, Infektionsprävention und Energieeffizienz. Die Forschungsergebnisse verdeutlichen zudem, wie wichtig Auswahl von Lüftungssystemen für Innenräume ist, insbesondere solche, denen das Risiko Übertragung Erregern über Luft besteht.

There is uncertainty about the viral loads of infectious individuals required to transmit COVID-19 via aerosol. In addition, there a lack both quantification influencing parameters on airborne transmission and simple-to-use models for assessing risk infection in practice, which furthermore quantify influence non-medical preventive measures. this study, dose-response model was adopted analyze 25 documented outbreaks at rates 4-100%. We show that only possible if load higher than 10

The role of schools as a source infection and driver in the coronavirus-pandemic has been controversial is still not completely clarified. To prevent harm disadvantages for children adolescents, but also adults, detailed data on school outbreaks needed, especially when talking about open employing evidence-based safety concepts. Here, we investigated first significant COVID-19 outbreak Hamburg, Germany, after re-opening 2020. Using clinical, laboratory, contact spatial measures...

In this study, emission rates of aerosols emitted by professional singers were measured with a laser particle counter under cleanroom conditions. The during singing varied between 753.4 and 6095.37~P/s. Emission for compared data breathing speaking. Significantly higher found singing. growth speaking 3.97 99.54. Further, effects vocal loudness gender investigated. present study should support the efforts to improve risk management in cases possible aerogenic virus transmission, especially choir

The airflow in dairy barns is affected by many factors, such as the barn's geometry, weather conditions, configurations of openings, cows acting heat sources, flow obstacles, etc. Computational fluids dynamics (CFD) has advantages providing detailed information and allowing fully-controlled boundary therefore widely used livestock building research. However, due to limited computing power, numerous animals are difficult be designed detail. Consequently, there need develop use smart numerical...

Speaking and singing are activities linked to increased aerosol particle emissions from the respiratory system, dependent on utilized vocal intensity. As a result, these have experienced considerable restrictions in enclosed spaces since onset of COVID-19 pandemic due risk infection SARS-CoV-2 virus, transmitted by virus-carrying aerosols. These constraints affected public education extracurricular for children as well, in-person music instruction children's choirs. However, existing...

In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing indoor air quality has emerged as a crucial measure for preventing infections. Effective ventilation is vital in mitigating airborne pathogen transmission and maintaining healthy environment by diluting removing infectious particles from enclosed spaces. However, increasing supply pathogen-free to enhance infection control can lead rise energy consumption. Nevertheless, evaluating overall efficacy ventilation-based prevention strategies while...

High-voltage circuit breakers (HVCB) interrupt short-circuit currents to protect electrical networks and act as electric conductor carrying the nominal current without producing impermissible temperature rise in any of its components. In present work, coupling computational fluid dynamics with electromagnetics is presented for predicting HVCB. Predictions are compared measurement design changes improvement discussed.

The design of district heating systems often involves the consideration appropriate system scope, referred to as spatial scale. In order achieve climate-neutral in neighborhoods, it is necessary address scale early planning stages. This study presents a novel optimization method aimed at sustainable dimensioning by optimizing type, and equipment simultaneously. quantifies targeted assists decision between decentralized centralized using clustering algorithms genetic algorithm. proposed...