Abstract Background and aims Climate change associated weather extremes pose major challenges to agricultural food production, necessitating the development of more resilient systems. Adapting cropping systems cope with extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This study investigates influence contrasting root system architectures on microbial communities functions in top- subsoil. Methods A column experiment was performed investigate effects different architectures,...

Plant breeding requires numerous generations to be cycled and evaluated before an improved cultivar is released. This lengthy process required introduce test multiple traits of interest. However, a technology for rapid generation advance named 'speed breeding' was successfully deployed in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) achieve six per year while imposing phenotypic selection foliar disease resistance grain dormancy. Here, the first time deployment this methodology presented durum Desf.)...

The optimal root system architecture (RSA) of a crop is context dependent and critical for efficient resource capture in the soil. Narrow growth angle promoting deeper often associated with improved access to water nutrients deep soils during terminal drought. RSA, therefore drought-adaptive trait that could minimise yield losses regions limited rainfall. Here, GWAS seminal (SRA) identified seven marker-trait associations clustered on chromosome 6A, representing major quantitative locus...

Durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) is a major cereal crop grown globally, but its production often hindered by droughts. Breeding for adapted root system architecture should provide strategic solution better capturing moisture. The aim of this research was to adapt low‐cost and high‐throughput methods phenotyping exploring the genetic variability among 25 genotypes. Two protocols were used: “clear pot” seminal “pasta strainer” evaluate mature roots. Analysis variance revealed significant...

There are many challenges facing the development of high-yielding, nutritious crops for future environments. One limiting factor is generation time, which prolongs research and plant breeding timelines. Recent advances in speed protocols have dramatically reduced time short-day long-day species by optimizing light temperature conditions during growth. However, winter with a vernalization requirement still require up to 6-10 weeks low-temperature before transition reproductive development....

Abstract Purpose Selection for root traits has become a target in (pre-)breeding programs aiming at improving crop ability to capture soil resources. However, the benefit of selected heterogeneous environments will depend on spatial and temporal interactions between systems, environment (fertility water supply) management (fertiliser placement). Methods We assessed growth phosphorus acquisition durum wheat ( Triticum L.) lines defined by contrasting seminal angles (41° ‘Narrow’ vs 82°...

Abstract Key message There is variation in stay-green within barley breeding germplasm, influenced by multiple haplotypes and environmental conditions. The positive genetic correlation between yield across environments highlights the potential as a future target. Barley considered one of most naturally resilient crops making it an excellent candidate to dissect genetics drought adaptive component traits. Stay-green, thought contribute adaptation, which photosynthetic machinery maintained for...

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease. Losses are usually exacerbated when disease infection coincides with terminal drought. is very susceptible CR, and resistant germplasm not currently available in elite breeding pools. We hypothesize that deploying physiological traits for drought adaptation, such as optimal root system architecture reduce water stress, might minimize CR infection. This study...

Due to the climate change and an increased frequency of drought, it is enormous importance identify develop traits that result in adaptation improvement crop yield stability drought-prone regions with low rainfall. Early vigour, defined as rapid development leaf area early developmental stages, reported contribute stronger plant vitality, which, turn, can enhance resilience erratic drought periods. Furthermore, vigour improves weed competitiveness nutrient uptake. Here, two sets a...

The incorporation of root traits into elite germplasm is typically a slow process. Thus, innovative approaches are required to accelerate research and pre-breeding programs targeting improve yield stability in different environments soil types. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can help speed up the process by selecting key genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with traits. However, this approach limited due complex genetic control number well-characterised large effect QTL....

Multi-year evaluation of the Vavilov wheat diversity panel identified new sources adult plant resistance to stripe rust. Genome-wide association studies revealed key genomic regions influencing resistance, including seven novel loci. Wheat rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) poses a significant threat global food security. Resistance genes commonly found in many varieties have been rendered ineffective due rapid evolution pathogen. To identify (APR), 292 accessions...

Abstract Optimal root system architecture (RSA) is critical for efficient resource capture in soils, hence being an interest crop breeding. Seminal angle (SRA) at the seedling stage durum wheat has been suggested to be a good indicator of RSA. However, research on correlating such laboratory‐based phenotyping RSA later phases plant growth limited, resulting importance trait variation seen seedlings often overstated. To explore role SRA modifying growth, we assessed 11 genotypes contrasting...

Abstract Optimal root system architecture (RSA) is critical for efficient resource capture in soils, hence being an interest crop breeding. Seminal angle (SRA) at the seedling stage durum wheat has been suggested to be a good indicator of RSA. However, research on correlating such lab-based phenotyping RSA later phases plant growth limited, resulting importance trait variation seen seedlings often overstated. To explore role SRA modifying growth, we assessed 11 genotypes contrasting (wide...

Abstract Seminal root angle (SRA) is an important architectural trait associated with drought adaptation in cereal crops. To date, all attempts to dissect the genetic architecture of SRA durum wheat ( Triticum Desf.) have used large association panels or structured mapping populations. Identifying changes allele frequency generated by selection provides alternative approach that can increase power and precision QTL detection. This study aimed map quantitative loci (QTL) for genotyping lines...

F 1 and 2 seeds of four crosses were formed during 2001 2002 growing seasons.The population's plants evaluated 2003 season under the two planting dates (14 th May 29 June) to estimate phenotypic correlation coefficients among eight characters their contributions in variation grain yield/ plant at Agric.Res.Stat. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt.Results showed that normal date correlated positively significantly -in most cases -with each ear diameter, length,...

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key pest of trees in Syria and attacked by the larval-pupal parasitoid, Aganaspis daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). seasonal population dynamics distribution A. were studied surveys orchards [Citrus reticulatum (clementine), Citrus sinensis (maourdi blood orange), paradise (grapefruit), C. (sweet Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Prunus persica (peach), domestica (plum), Malus (apple), Figus carica (fig)...

Abstract Aims Rhizoboxes allow non-invasive phenotyping of root systems and are often used as an alternative to evaluation in the field which typically requires excavation, a laborious endeavour. Semi-automated rhizobox methods can be screen large numbers plants, but these platforms expensive due cost customised components, assembly, maintenance, limits accessibility for many researchers. To widen access method—for example preliminary screening germplasm system architecture traits—we present...

The present study was carried out at the Maize Researches Department in General Commission for Science agriculture Research (G-C-S-A-R) Damascus, Syria. This aimed estimating potence ratio and phenotypic correlations path analysis coefficient protein, oil, starch content grain, grain yield per plant 100-kernel weight. Twenty eight single cross hybrids were produced using a half diallel 2008 cropping season consequently evaluated during 2009 season. Potence results indicated that partial...

Abstract Twenty-two specimens of the Indian Gerbil (Tatera indica Hardwicke, 1807) were collected during January and February 2009 from northeastern Syria near border with Turkey. The external cranial morphology biometric measurements are given. Skull, structure, phallus baculum found to be similar those reported southern dental closely resembled for Turkish population, but larger than in Iranian specimens. Ecological biological aspects discussed. range is restricted rivers irrigated lands...

Summary Wheat production is threatened by numerous fungal diseases, but the potential to breed for multiple disease resistance (MDR) mechanisms yet be explored. Here, significant global genetic correlations and underlying local genomic regions were identified in Vavilov wheat diversity panel six major including biotrophic leaf rust (LR), yellow (YR), stem (SR), hemibiotrophic crown rot (CR), necrotrophic tan spot (TS) Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB). By adopting haplotype-based estimated...