Although dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in sensitization to inhaled allergens, their function ongoing T helper (Th)2 cell–mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation underlying bronchial asthma is currently unknown. Here, we show ovalbumin (OVA)-driven murine model that DCs acquire a mature phenotype and interact with CD4+ within sites of peribronchial perivascular inflammation. To study whether contributed inflammation, depleted from the airways CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DT)...

Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity thought to be mediated an adaptive T helper‐2 ( h2) cell‐type immune resp‐onse. Here, we demonstrate that type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells ILC 2s) significantly contribute production of the key cytokines IL ‐5 ‐13 in experimental asthma. In naive mice, lineage‐marker negative 2s expressing ‐7Rα, CD 25, S ca‐1, 1/ ST 2(IL‐33R) were present lungs mediastinal lymph nodes M ed LN s), but not...

Alternatives to surgery are needed for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. We investigated effectiveness imiquimod 5% cream, a topical immune-response modulator, this condition.Fifty-two patients with grade 2 or 3 neoplasia were randomly assigned receive either placebo, applied twice weekly 16 weeks. The primary outcome was reduction more than 25% in lesion size at 20 Secondary outcomes histologic regression, clearance human papillomavirus (HPV) from lesion, changes immune...

Allergic rhinitis and asthma often coexist share a genetic background. Pathophysiologic connections between the nose lungs are still not entirely understood. This study was undertaken to compare allergic inflammation clinical findings in upper lower airways after segmental bronchial provocation (SBP) nonasthmatic patients. Eight nonasthmatic, grass pollen-sensitive patients with eight healthy controls were included. Bronchial biopsies blood samples taken before (T0) 24 h (T24) SBP. Nasal...

Mast cells and basophils are that play an important role in the initiation control of allergic inflammation asthma rhinitis. This study was undertaken to determine presence dynamics mast nasal bronchial mucosa rhinitis patients after segmental provocation (SBP). Eight nonasthmatic, grass pollen-allergic eight healthy controls were included. Bronchial biopsies, as well blood samples, taken before (T0) 24 h (T24) SBP. Immunohistochemical staining performed for (tryptase chymase; phenotypes...

Summary Background The Th2 immune response in the nasal mucosa of subjects with allergic rhinitis is mediated by allergen‐specific IgE. Moreover, these show positive responses for markers systemic atopy, including skin sensitivity and raised serum IgE titres. In contrast, idiopathic (IR) similar histological mucosal features differ being defined as non‐allergic because they have negative atopic responses. Objective We hypothesized that it possible to an disease pathway localized...

Objective. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by granulomas. Although the aetiology unknown, sarcoidosis thought to be mediated Th1 lymphocytes. Recently, IL-17A has been implicated in granuloma formation various diseases, including tuberculosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that Th17 cells play role sarcoidosis, paralleling recent findings autoimmune diseases such as RA. The aim of our study was investigate sarcoidosis.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes pneumonia with a relatively high case fatality rate in humans. Smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been reported to be more susceptible MERS-CoV infection. Here, we determined the expression of receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), lung tissues smokers without airflow limitation COPD comparison nonsmoking individuals (never-smokers).DPP4 was measured tissue resection specimens never-smokers,...

The lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) are currently widely used to diagnose sarcoidosis. We previously reported that T-helper (Th) 17.1 cells responsible for the exaggerated interferon-γ production in sarcoidosis lungs. In this study, we aimed investigate 1) whether Th17.1 also increased MLNs of patients and 2) frequencies at diagnosis may correlate with disease progression.MLN from treatment-naive pulmonary (n=17) healthy controls (n=22) peripheral blood mononuclear (n=34)...

Summary Background Local airway inflammation and remodelling are considered important in the clinical expression of allergic asthma. Objective The aim this study was to compare nasal bronchial mucosa subjects with rhinitis or without Methods Four experimental groups were formed: asthma ( n = 19); rhinitis, no 18); atopic subjects, asthma, 8) non‐allergic healthy control 16). Blood samples, biopsy specimens collected during stable disease. Immunohistochemistry performed for eosinophils (MBP),...

Allergic diseases are characterized by allergic complaints in the shock organ and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serum. Literature data indicate that nasal mucosa itself could produce at least a large part of IgE rhinitis patients. In order to investigate this hypothesis, mucosal biopsies from inferior turbinate were taken symptomatic grass pollen patients, house dust mite patients nonallergic healthy controls, confirmed radioallergosorbent test skin-prick test. Immunohistochemical...

The intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in mice induces early damage to alveolar epithelial cells and development inflammation followed by fibrotic tissue changes represents the most widely used model pulmonary fibrosis investigate human IPF. Histopathology is gold standard for assessing lung rodents, however it precludes repeated longitudinal measurements disease progression does not provide information on spatial temporal distribution damage. Here we investigated use Micro-CT technique...

The immunological response of infants younger than six months to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in relation clinical severity. IL-6 and IL-8 were found more frequently at higher levels the plasma samples severely ill patients no significant differences cytokines differentiating between Type 1 2 responses. Cellular infiltrates nasopharyngeal washings consisted mainly polymorphonuclear granulocytes monocytes. Eosinophils, IgE positive cells tryptase sporadically....

Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is thought to be an intermediate step in the progression from reflux oesophagitis (RO) oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Premalignant conditions that develop presence of chronic inflammation are often associated with development a more pronounced humoral immune response during disease. The aim this study was determine whether BO also when compared RO. Immunohistochemical studies were performed quantify mean numbers Th2 effector cells (plasma and mast cells) Th1...

Satellite glial cells (SGC) in sensory ganglia tightly envelop the neuronal cell body to form discrete anatomical units. This type of is considered neuroectoderm-derived and provides physical support neuron somata. There are scattered hints literature suggesting that SGC have an immune-related function within ganglia. In this study, we addressed hypothesis tissue-resident APC. The immune phenotype a large series (n = 40) human trigeminal (TG) were assessed by detailed flow cytometry, situ...

Impaired regulatory T cell (Treg) function is thought to contribute ongoing inflammatory responses in sarcoidosis, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, it not known if increased apoptotic susceptibility of Tregs may an impaired immunosuppressive sarcoidosis. Therefore, the aim this study analyze proportions, phenotype, survival, and Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (n = 58) were included at time diagnosis. analyzed broncho-alveolar lavage fluid peripheral blood patients...

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways mediated by an adaptive type 2 immune response. Upon allergen exposure, group innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can be rapidly activated and represent early source IL‐5 IL‐13. Here, we used house dust mite (HDM)‐driven mouse model to study induction ILC2s in allergic airway inflammation. In BALF, lungs, lymph nodes, ILC2 activation critically dependent on prior sensitization with HDM. Importantly, T are required for induction, whereby...

Airway inflammation in allergic asthma reflects a threshold response of the innate immune system, including group 2 lymphoid cells (ILC2), followed by an adaptive Th2 cell-mediated response. Transcription factor Gata3 is essential for differentiation both and ILC2. We investigated effects enforced expression T ILC2 on susceptibility mice to airway (AAI). used CD2-Gata3 transgenic (Tg) with driven CD2 promoter, which active during development. Tg wild-type (WT) littermates were analyzed mild...

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are implicated in allergic asthma as an early source of the type cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. However, their induction house dust mite (HDM)-mediated airway inflammation additionally requires T cell activation. It is currently unknown whether phenotypic differences exist between ILC2s that activated a cell-dependent or cell-independent fashion. Here, we compared IL-33- HDM-driven inflammation. Using flow cytometry, found surface expression levels various...

Influenza virus infection is an important cause of severe asthma exacerbations, but it remains unclear how a Th1-mediated antiviral response triggers prototypical Th2 disease. We investigated CD4+ T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2s) in influenza virus-infected mice. found that ILC2s accumulated the lung rapidly after infection, induction IL-5 IL-13 secretion was delayed concomitant with cell activation. In influenza-induced exacerbation allergic airway inflammation model we noticed...