Abstract Parvalbumin-positive (PV + ) GABAergic interneurons in hippocampal microcircuits are thought to play a key role several higher network functions, such as feedforward and feedback inhibition, oscillations, pattern separation. Fast lateral inhibition mediated by may implement winner-takes-all mechanism the input layer. However, it is not clear whether functional connectivity rules of granule cells (GCs) dentate gyrus consistent with mechanism. Using simultaneous patch-clamp recordings...

Abstract Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is critically involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, but its physiological functions remain elusive. Importantly, APP knockout (APP-KO) mice exhibit cognitive deficits, suggesting that plays a role at neuronal network level. To investigate this possibility, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from posterior parietal cortex, dorsal hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex freely moving APP-KO mice. Spectral analyses showed...

Dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs) connect the entorhinal cortex to hippocampal CA3 region, but how they process spatial information remains enigmatic. To examine role of GCs in coding, we measured excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action (APs) head-fixed mice running on a linear belt. Intracellular recording from morphologically identified revealed that most were active, activity level varied over wide range. Whereas only ∼5% showed spatially tuned spiking, ∼50% received input....

In the context of perceiving individuals within and outside social groups, there are distinct cognitive processes mechanisms in brain. Extensive research recent years has delved into neural that underlie differences how we perceive from different groups. To gain a deeper understanding these mechanisms, present comprehensive review perspectives facial recognition memory, intergroup identification, empathy, pro-social behavior. Specifically, focus on studies utilize functional magnetic...

To investigate changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the functional connectivity of entorhinal cortex (EC) vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) to evaluate relationships between such neuropsychological measures VaMCI individuals. In all, 31 patients with 32 normal controls (NCs) underwent rs-fMRI. Differences whole-brain ReHo seed-based bilateral EC (EC-FC) were determined. Pearson's correlation was used regions significant group differences different measures. had significantly...

The mammalian hippocampus expresses several types of network oscillations which entrain neurons into transiently stable assemblies. These groups co-active are believed to support the formation, consolidation and recall context-dependent memories. Formation new assemblies occurs during theta- gamma-oscillations under conditions high cholinergic activity. Memory is linked sharp wave-ripple (SPW-R) decreased tone. We hypothesized that increased tone supports plastic changes while low favors...

The physiological function of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its two homologues APP-like 1 (APLP1) 2 (APLP2) is largely unknown. Previous work suggests that lack APP or APLP2 impairs synaptic plasticity spatial learning. There is, however, almost no data on the role APLP at network level which forms a critical interface between cellular functions behavior. We have therefore investigated memory-related in hippocampal slices from three lines transgenic mice: APPsα-KI (mice expressing...

To understand information coding in single neurons, it is necessary to analyze subthreshold synaptic events, action potentials (APs), and their interrelation different behavioral states. However, detecting excitatory postsynaptic (EPSPs) or currents (EPSCs) behaving animals remains challenging, because of unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio, high frequency, fluctuating amplitude, variable time course events.We developed a method for event detection, termed MOD (Machine-learning...

ABSTRACT Pattern separation is a fundamental brain computation that converts small differences in synaptic input patterns into large action potential (AP) output patterns. plays key role the dentate gyrus, enabling efficient storage and recall of memories downstream hippocampal CA3 networks. Several mechanisms for pattern have been proposed, including expansion coding space, sparsification neuronal activity, simple thresholding mechanisms. Alternatively, winner-takes-all mechanism, which...

Brain-computer interface is a kind of new information exchange and control technology, the key to give an accurate timely identification electrical machine characteristic parameters thinking expected action pattern then transform them into command. This paper mainly studies brain wave method human in imagining Chinese words. Researchers have studied right left hand movement imagination, but for study word recognition, especially words’ EEG research, there are no researches on them. The...

TASK-2 is a member of tandem-pore domain potassium channels that regulate neuronal excitability. In this study we investigated the expression in elements inner retina rat by immunofluorescence double labeling. contrast to weak outer retina, strongly expressed retina. immunoreactivity was diffusely distributed throughout plexiform layer. Double-labeling experiments revealed gamma-aminobutyric acid amacrine cells (GABAergic cells), including both dopaminergic and cholinergic ones. The...

The hippocampus is the key site for learning and memory processing of spatial information in brain. It divided into three main subregions: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 area, CA1 region, which are linearly interconnected to form a so-called trisynaptic circuit. Thus, DG sits strategic position gate flow from neocortex hippocampal network. granule cells (GCs), cell type DG, receive 'where' 'what' medial lateral entorhinal cortex, respectively. How they process this mixed remains enigmatic. By...

Abstract To understand the mechanisms of information coding in single neurons, it is necessary to analyze subthreshold synaptic events, action potentials (APs), and interrelation between these two forms activity different behavioral states. However, detecting excitatory postsynaptic (EPSPs) or currents (EPSCs) awake, behaving animals remains challenging, because unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio, high frequency, fluctuating amplitude, variable time course events. Here, we developed a new...

To explore the genetic basis for a patient with autism.High-throughput sequencing was carried out to detect copy number variations in patient.DNA found that has 0.11 Mb deletion distal 2p16.3 spanning from genomic position 50 820 001 922 000, which resulted removal of exon 6 and part intron 7 NRXN1 gene. The same not his parents brother.Partial gene may underlie disease this patient.