A new approach to gain scheduling linear dynamic controllers is illustrated for a pitch-axis autopilot design problem. In this application the are designed at distinct operating conditions by H/sup infinity / methods. The procedure uses particular features of both and controller configuration remove so-called hidden coupling terms that can occur in scheduled controllers. Potential performance improvement demonstrated comparing simulation results those naive ignores terms.< <ETX...

Abstract: Neurotransmitter release from rat brain synaptosomes was measured following pretreatment with various phorbol esters. Ca 2+ ‐dependent, evoked neurotransmitter increased by esters that were active in stimulating protein kinase C. Protein C activation demonstrated incorporation of 32 P into 87‐kilodalton phosphoprotein, a specific substrate for kinase. Inactive had no effect on or the phosphorylation phosphoprotein. The observed either crude cortical synaptosomal fractions (P 2 )...

Alteration by beta-amyloid (Abeta) of signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in the early stages Alzheimer's disease. nAChRs function both post- and presynaptically nervous system; however, little is known about functional consequence interaction Abeta with these receptors, particularly those on presynaptic nerve terminals. In view strong correlation between loss synaptic terminals dementia, together reduction disease, possibility exists that may be...

There is a continuing need for increased capacity military applications, especially in network-centric operational concepts that promote the use of information as fundamental gaining superiority on battlefield. As an example, access to, and distribution of, sensor data major tenet warfare yet radio frequency (RF) links will struggle to provide needed capacity. Free-space optical communications (FSOC) has potential meet these emerging needs by offering dramatic increases However, there are...

In response to Ca2+ entry, several prominent brain nerve terminal phosphoproteins undergo dephosphorylation, but the relation between dephosphorylation and neurotransmitter release is unknown. Using immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) L-683,590 (FK-520) inhibit specifically Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, we demonstrate here that Ca(2+)-dependent in isolated rat terminals (synaptosomes) mediated by calcineurin. Pretreatment with micromolar CsA resulted a 76-95%...

Approximately 800 yeasts and other fungi, representing over 70 species, were tested for extracellular caseinolysis. Isolates of a variety genera, including Aureobasidium, Cephalosporium, Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces , numerous sporobolomycetes, demonstrated significant proteolytic activity. Caseinolysis was not necessarily correlated with gelatin liquefaction or albuminolysis. Numerous fungi showed proteolysis at 5 C. The most active organisms isolates Candida lipolytica, Aureobasidium...

Diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes containing different subunit combinations can be placed on nerve terminals or soma/dendrites in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). nAChR α6 message is abundant VTA, but α6*-nAChR cellular localization, function, pharmacology, and roles cholinergic modulation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within VTA are not well understood. Here, we report evidence for α6β2*-nAChR expression GABA neuronal boutons terminating DA neurons. α-Conotoxin...

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) has been recognized as an early trigger in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leading to synaptic and cognitive impairments. Aβ can alter neuronal signaling through interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), contributing dysfunction AD. The three major nAChR subtypes hippocampus are composed α7-, α4β2-, α3β4-nAChRs. selectively affects α7- α4β2-nAChRs, but not α3β4-nAChRs hippocampal neurons, resulting hyperexcitation. However, how subtype...

Soluble β-amyloid has been shown to regulate presynaptic Ca 2+ and synaptic plasticity. In particular, picomolar was found have an agonist-like action on nicotinic receptors augment long-term potentiation (LTP) in a manner dependent upon receptors. Here, we report that functional N-terminal domain exists within for its activity. This sequence corresponds fragment generated by the combined of α- β-secretases, resident carboxypeptidase. The is present brains CSF healthy adults as well...

Abstract: The serotonin 5‐HT 3 receptor, a ligand‐gated ion channel, has previously been shown to be present on subpopulation of brain nerve terminals, where, activation, the receptors induce Ca 2+ influx. Whereas postsynaptic depolarization, being permeant Na + and K , basis presynaptic receptor‐induced calcium influx is unknown. Because small size isolated terminals (synaptosomes) precludes electrophysiological measurements, confocal microscopic imaging used detect into them. Application...

Abstract: Introduction of the dephosphorylated form synapsin 1 into rat brain synaptosomes using freeze‐thaw (transient) perme‐abilization significantly decreased K + ‐induced release glutamate. In contrast, introduction I that had been phosphorylated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II was without effect on glutamate release. Addition dephosphosynapsin after treatment also no effect. Thus, action dependent phosphorylation state and its entry synaptosomes. Our results implicate...

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (Ca2+/CaM III) phosphorylates a of Mr = 100,000 (the 100-kDa protein), major substrate for Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphorylation found in many mammalian tissues and cell lines (Nairn, A.C., Baghat, B., Palfrey, H.C. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7939-7943). Treatment PC12 cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) or forskolin resulted decrease the depolarization-dependent intact cytosolic extracts. In experiments using extracts, initial effect...

Beta amyloid (Abeta) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta is major constituent senile plaques, but there significant presence brain soluble forms. The results functional studies indicate that interacts with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) complex apparent high affinity. However, conflicting data exist as to nature Abeta-alpha7 nAChR interaction, and whether it result specific binding. Moreover, both agonist-like antagonist-like effects have...

Abstract: Confocal microscopy was used to assess internal calcium level changes in response presynaptic receptor activation individual, isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat corpus striatum, focusing, particular, on the serotonin 5‐HT 3 receptor, a ligand‐gated ion channel. The agonist‐induced individual synaptosomes were compared with responses evoked by K + depolarization. Using fluorescent dye fluo‐3 measure relative free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca ] i ), ‐induced depolarization...

Soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) resides in certain regions of the brain at or near picomolar concentration, rising level during prodromic stage Alzheimer disease. Recently, we identified homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) as one possible functional target for Aβ. This study was aimed addressing which residues α7-nAChRs potentially interact with Aβ to regulate presynaptic function this receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis carried out key aromatic mouse α7-nAChR agonist-binding...

Turbo codes provide greater coding gain than commonly used convolutional codes. The maximum a-posteriori turbo decoder, unlike the Viterbi decoder often for codes, explicitly uses E/sub b//N/sub 0/ as a parameter in decoding process. We have investigated effects of errors estimating on code bit error rate (BER) performance additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and binary symmetric (BSCs). Both small (220 bit) large (65535 buffers been tested. For BSC without any estimation error,...

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway is implicated in learning and memory. Here, we examined the role of JNK activation mediated by JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) scaffold protein. We compared male wild-type mice with a mouse model harboring point mutation Jip1 gene that selectively blocks JIP1-mediated activation. These mutant exhibited increased NMDAR currents, NMDAR-mediated expression, lower threshold for induction hippocampal long-term potentiation. JIP1 also...