Ruby Marten
A5076543442- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Industrial Gas Emission Control
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
Paul Scherrer Institute
2019-2024
A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities often puzzling3. If growth rates particles are similar those found cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new should be rapidly scavenged by high concentration pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions CLOUD chamber CERN, below...
Faster than expected Iodine species are one of only a handful atmospheric vapors known to make new aerosol particles, which play central role in controlling the radiative forcing climate. He et al. report experimental evidence from CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets, or CLOUD, chamber demonstrating that iodic acid and iodous rapidly form particles can compete with sulfuric pristine regions. Science , this issue p. 589
Abstract. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute substantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect air quality, human health Earth's climate. HOMs are formed by rapid, gas-phase autoxidation volatile compounds (VOCs) such as α-pinene, most abundant monoterpene in atmosphere. Due their abundance low volatility, can play an important role new-particle (NPF) early aerosols, even without any further assistance other low-volatility sulfuric...
Abstract. In the present-day atmosphere, sulfuric acid is most important vapour for aerosol particle formation and initial growth. However, growth rates of nanoparticles (<10 nm) from remain poorly measured. Therefore, effect stabilizing bases, contribution ions impact attractive forces on molecular collisions are under debate. Here, we present precise rate measurements uncharged particles 1.8 to 10 nm, performed atmospheric conditions in CERN (European Organization Nuclear Research)...
Abstract. Nucleation of atmospheric vapours produces more than half global cloud condensation nuclei and so has an important influence on climate. Recent studies show that monoterpene (C10H16) oxidation yields highly oxygenated products can nucleate with or without sulfuric acid. Monoterpenes are emitted mainly by trees, frequently together isoprene (C5H8), which the highest emission all organic vapours. Previous have shown suppresses new-particle formation from monoterpenes, but cause this...
We use a real-time temperature-programmed desorption chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO–CIMS) to measure particle-phase composition and volatility of nucleated particles, studying pure α-pinene oxidation over wide temperature range (−50 °C +25 °C) in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Highly oxygenated organic molecules are much more abundant particles formed higher temperatures, shifting compounds toward O/C lower intrinsic (300 K) volatility. find that biogenic nucleation growth...
Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders magnitude, reasons behind this variability are subject intense scientific debate. Multiple vapours have been postulated participate NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines...
Abstract New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) 1–4 . However, precursor vapours that drive process are not well understood. With experiments performed under tropospheric conditions CERN CLOUD chamber, we show nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates orders magnitude faster than those from any two three components. The importance this mechanism depends on availability ammonia,...
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) influences climate via cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation resulting from its oxidation products (mainly methanesulfonic acid, MSA, and sulfuric H2SO4). Despite their importance, accurate prediction of MSA H2SO4 DMS remains challenging. With comprehensive experiments carried out in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at CERN, we show that decreasing temperature +25 to −10 °C enhances gas-phase production by an order magnitude OH-initiated...
The mechanistic pathway by which high relative humidity (RH) affects gas–particle partitioning remains poorly understood, although many studies report increased secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields at RH. Here, we use real-time, molecular measurements of both the gas and particle phase to provide a understanding effect RH on biogenic oxidized molecules (from α-pinene isoprene) low temperatures (243 263 K) CLOUD chamber CERN. We observe increases in SOA mass 45 85% with increasing from...
Biogenic vapors form new particles in the atmosphere, affecting global climate. The contributions of monoterpenes and isoprene to particle formation (NPF) have been extensively studied. However, sesquiterpenes received little attention despite a potentially important role due their high molecular weight. Via chamber experiments performed under atmospheric conditions, we report biogenic NPF resulting from oxidation pure mixtures β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, isoprene, which produces oxygenated...
The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H2SO4), stabilized by ammonia (NH3). However, marine and polar regions, NH3 generally low, H2SO4 frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIOx, i.e., iodic (HIO3) iodous (HIO2)]. In experiments performed CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated interplay of HIOx during atmospheric particle nucleation. We that greatly enhances H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation through two different...
Abstract Iodine is a reactive trace element in atmospheric chemistry that destroys ozone and nucleates particles. emissions have tripled since 1950 are projected to keep increasing with rising O 3 surface concentrations. Although iodic acid (HIO ) widespread forms particles more efficiently than sulfuric acid, its gas-phase formation mechanism remains unresolved. Here, CLOUD simulation chamber experiments generate iodine radicals at atmospherically relevant rates, we show iodooxy hypoiodite,...
Inhomogeneities in temperature and ammonia concentrations can cause rapid growth of nanoparticles polluted environments.
Ions enhance the formation rate of atmospheric aerosol particles, which play an important role in Earth’s radiative balance. Ion-induced nucleation involves stepwise accretion neutral monomers onto a molecular cluster containing ion, helps to stabilize against evaporation. Although theoretical frameworks exist calculate collision coefficients between molecules and ions, they need be experimentally confirmed, ideally under atmospherically relevant conditions around 1000 ion pairs cm−3. Here,...
Abstract. Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is α-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite products covering wide range volatilities. Highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) comprise fraction formed. While it known that HOMs contribute to secondary aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied newly formed particles due their very low mass concentrations. Here we present...
Illustration of how ammonium nitrate formation can cause rapid growth nucleating particles, increasing survival particles in polluted conditions.
Raising the ionisation rate (IR) increases ion concentration, but also amplifies losses due to ion–ion recombination, consequently diminishing formation of charged clusters at low HIO 3 concentrations.
Abstract. In the present-day atmosphere, sulfuric acid is most important vapour for aerosol particle formation and initial growth. However, growth rates of nanoparticles (
Abstract Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are a major source of new particles affecting Earth’s climate 1,2 . HOM production from the oxidation volatile compounds (VOCs) occurs during both day and night, can lead to particle formation (NPF) 3,4 However, NPF involving vapors has been reported much more often daytime 3-6 than nighttime 7,8 Here, we show that nitrate radicals (NO 3 ) - which arise predominantly at night – inhibit monoterpenes based on three lines observational...
Abstract. Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's radiation balance and climate, both directly indirectly through aerosol–cloud interactions. Most aerosol the atmosphere are weakly charged, affecting their collision rates with ions neutral molecules, as well by which they scavenged other cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between since determine growth lifetimes of charged particles, so may influence microphysics, dynamics, processing. However, despite importance, very few...
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are a major source of new particles that affect the Earth's climate. HOM production from oxidation volatile compounds (VOCs) occurs during both day and night can lead to particle formation (NPF). However, NPF involving vapors has been reported much more often daytime than nighttime. Here, we show nitrate radicals (NO3), which arise predominantly at night, inhibit monoterpenes based on three lines observational evidence: experiments in CLOUD (Cosmics...
Abstract. New-particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported polluted boundary layer span more than four orders magnitude reasons behind this variability subject intense scientific debate. Multiple vapours have been postulated participate NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines organics,...
Abstract. Currently, the complete chemical characterization of nanoparticles (< 100 nm) represents an analytical challenge, since these particles are abundant in number but have negligible mass. Several methods for particle-phase been recently developed to better detect and infer more accurately sources fates sub-100 nm particles, a detailed comparison different approaches is missing. Here we report on composition secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from experimental studies α-pinene...
Abstract. Nucleation of atmospheric vapors produces more than half global cloud condensation nuclei and so has an important influence on climate. Recent studies show that monoterpene (C10H16) oxidation yields highly-oxygenated products can nucleate with or without sulfuric acid. Monoterpenes are emitted mainly by trees, frequently together isoprene (C5H8), which the highest emission all organic vapors. Previous have shown suppresses new-particle formation from monoterpenes, but cause this...