Markku Kulmala
A5000471665- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate variability and models
- Climate change and permafrost
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
University of Helsinki
2016-2025
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
2018-2025
Nanjing University
2018-2025
Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center
2020-2025
Helsinki Institute of Physics
2015-2024
TU Wien
2023
Jingdong (China)
2023
Nanjing Library
2023
Lomonosov Moscow State University
2021-2022
Guangzhou Institute of Geography
2021-2022
Framework for Change Organic aerosols make up 20 to 90% of the particulate mass troposphere and are important factors in both climate human heath. However, their sources removal pathways very uncertain, atmospheric evolution is poorly characterized. Jimenez et al. (p. 1525 ; see Perspective by Andreae ) present an integrated framework organic aerosol compositional atmosphere, based on model results field laboratory data that simulate dynamic aging behavior aerosols. Particles become more...
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on properties the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations human-made aerosols been reported to both decrease increase rainfall result their radiative CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low rain out too quickly mature into long-lived clouds. On other hand, heavily polluted evaporate much water before precipitation can occur, if they form at all given reduced surface...
Atmospheric nucleation is the dominant source of aerosol particles in global atmosphere and an important player climatic effects. The key steps this process occur sub-2-nanometer (nm) size range, which direct size-segregated observations have not been possible until very recently. Here, we present detailed atmospheric nanoparticles clusters down to 1-nm mobility diameter. We identified three separate regimes below 2-nm diameter that build up a physically, chemically, dynamically consistent...
Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up half global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling climate by scattering sunlight and leading smaller but more numerous droplets, which makes clouds brighter extends their lifetimes. Atmospheric aerosols derived human activities are have compensated for large fraction the warming caused greenhouse gases. However, despite its importance climate, nucleation poorly understood. Recently,...
Little Things Do Matter Gas-phase sulfuric acid is important during atmospheric particle formation, but the mechanisms by which it forms new particles are unclear. Laboratory studies of binary nucleation with water produce at rates that many orders magnitude too small to explain concentration found in atmosphere. Sipilä et al. (p. 1243 ) now show gas-phase does, fact, undergo presence a rate fast enough account for observed abundance These particles, contain 1 2 molecules each, were not...
Abstract Aerosol‐planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions have been found to enhance air pollution in megacities China. We show that black carbon (BC) aerosols play the key role modifying PBL meteorology and hence enhancing haze pollution. With model simulations data analysis from various field observations December 2013, we demonstrate BC induces heating PBL, particularly upper resulting decreased surface heat flux substantially depresses development of consequently enhances occurrences...
Abstract About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst new particles near midday 1 . Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate often accelerates when diameter is between one and ten nanometres 2,3 In this critical size range, are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing 4 , thereby failing form typically 50 100 across. Sulfuric acid vapour involved in nucleation but too scarce explain...
In this paper we present parameterized equations for calculation of sulfuric acid–water critical nucleus compositions, cluster radii and homogeneous nucleation rates tropospheric stratospheric conditions. The parameterizations are based on a classical model. We used an improved model the hydrate formation relying ab initio calculations small acid clusters experimental data vapor pressures equilibrium constants formation. most rigorous kinetics thermodynamically consistent version binary...
Abstract Atmospheric aerosols and their effect on clouds are thought to be important for anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate, yet remain poorly understood 1 . Globally, around half cloud condensation nuclei originate from nucleation atmospheric vapours 2 It is that sulfuric acid essential initiate most particle formation in atmosphere 3,4 , ions have a relatively minor role 5 Some laboratory studies, however, reported organic without intentional addition acid, although...
Atmospheric new-particle formation affects climate and is one of the least understood atmospheric aerosol processes. The complexity variability atmosphere has hindered elucidation fundamental mechanism from gaseous precursors. We show, in experiments performed with CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that sulfuric acid oxidized organic vapors concentrations reproduce particle nucleation rates observed lower atmosphere. reveal a involving clusters containing molecules...
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration promote the of particles low preexisting aerosol loading minimize sink particles. We investigated in Shanghai were able observe precursor vapors initial clusters at molecular level megacity. High rates observed coincide with several familiar...
Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in Earth's atmosphere, influencing the quality of life through their climatic and health effects by affecting visibility. In recent years, formation growth nanometer-scale have been observed situ many different atmospheric environments, including urban plumes, clean Arctic air, continental boundary layer, coastal environments. However, as [Kulmala][1] explains his Perspective, mechanisms nucleation not yet resolved. An interdisciplinary approach involving...
This review focuses on the observed characteristics of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) in different environments global troposphere. After a short introduction, we will present theoretical background that discusses methods used to analyze measurement data NPF and associated terminology. We update our current understanding regional NPF, i.e. taking simultaneously place over large spatial scales, complement with full reported growth rates during events. shortly at sub-regional scales....