Federico Bianchi
A5075179945- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Climate change and permafrost
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Marine and environmental studies
- Climate variability and models
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
University of Helsinki
2016-2025
Helsinki Institute of Physics
2016-2024
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2023
University of Manchester
2023
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
2018-2022
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2022
Emory University
2022
Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center
2020
Paul Scherrer Institute
2011-2018
ETH Zurich
2015-2016
Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up half global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling climate by scattering sunlight and leading smaller but more numerous droplets, which makes clouds brighter extends their lifetimes. Atmospheric aerosols derived human activities are have compensated for large fraction the warming caused greenhouse gases. However, despite its importance climate, nucleation poorly understood. Recently,...
Abstract About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst new particles near midday 1 . Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate often accelerates when diameter is between one and ten nanometres 2,3 In this critical size range, are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing 4 , thereby failing form typically 50 100 across. Sulfuric acid vapour involved in nucleation but too scarce explain...
Abstract Atmospheric aerosols and their effect on clouds are thought to be important for anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate, yet remain poorly understood 1 . Globally, around half cloud condensation nuclei originate from nucleation atmospheric vapours 2 It is that sulfuric acid essential initiate most particle formation in atmosphere 3,4 , ions have a relatively minor role 5 Some laboratory studies, however, reported organic without intentional addition acid, although...
Atmospheric new-particle formation affects climate and is one of the least understood atmospheric aerosol processes. The complexity variability atmosphere has hindered elucidation fundamental mechanism from gaseous precursors. We show, in experiments performed with CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that sulfuric acid oxidized organic vapors concentrations reproduce particle nucleation rates observed lower atmosphere. reveal a involving clusters containing molecules...
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration promote the of particles low preexisting aerosol loading minimize sink particles. We investigated in Shanghai were able observe precursor vapors initial clusters at molecular level megacity. High rates observed coincide with several familiar...
This review focuses on the observed characteristics of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) in different environments global troposphere. After a short introduction, we will present theoretical background that discusses methods used to analyze measurement data NPF and associated terminology. We update our current understanding regional NPF, i.e. taking simultaneously place over large spatial scales, complement with full reported growth rates during events. shortly at sub-regional scales....
From neutral to new Many of the particles in troposphere are formed situ, but what fraction all tropospheric do they constitute and how exactly made? Bianchi et al. report results from a high-altitude research station. Roughly half were newly by condensation highly oxygenated multifunctional compounds. A combination laboratory results, field measurements, model calculations revealed that nucleation is more than 10 times faster ion-induced nucleation, particle growth rates size-dependent,...
Observations made in the CLOUD chamber at CERN illuminate atmospheric particle formation.
Significance The formation of nanoparticles by condensable vapors in the atmosphere influences radiative forcing and therefore climate. We explored detailed mechanism particle formation, particular role oxidized organic molecules that arise from oxidation monoterpenes, a class volatile compounds emitted plants. mimicked atmospheric conditions well-controlled laboratory setup found these organics form initial clusters directly with single sulfuric acid molecules. then grow further addition...
Abstract New particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud‐forming particles in the present‐day atmosphere, via gas‐to‐particle conversion. Here we assess importance new (NPF) for both and preindustrial atmospheres. We use a global aerosol model with parametrizations NPF from previously published CLOUD chamber experiments involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic molecules, ions. find that produces 67% cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2% supersaturation (CCN0.2%) level...
For atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA) concentrations the presence of dimethylamine (DMA) at mixing ratios several parts per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates. However, concentration and molecular composition neutral (uncharged) clusters have not been reported so far due to lack suitable instrumentation. Here we report on experiments from Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber European Organization for Nuclear Research revealing particles...
Atmospheric aerosol formation from biogenic vapors is strongly affected by air pollutants, like NO x , SO 2 and NH 3 .
Abstract. We present a new mobile environmental reaction chamber for the simulation of atmospheric aging different emission sources without limitation from instruments or facilities available at any single site. Photochemistry is simulated using set 40 UV lights (total power 4 KW). Characterisation spectrum these shows that emissions may be over range temperatures (−7 to 25 °C). A photolysis rate NO2, JNO2, (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10−3 s−1 was determined °C. demonstrate utility this system by...
Significance Aerosol particles can form and grow by gas-to-particle conversion eventually act as seeds for cloud droplets, influencing global climate. Volatile organic compounds emitted from plants are oxidized in the atmosphere, resulting products drive particle growth. We measure growth biogenic vapors with a well-controlled laboratory setup over wide range of tropospheric temperatures. While higher temperatures lead to increased reaction rates concentrations highly molecules, lower allow...
Abstract. Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) often dominate the urban atmosphere and consist to a large degree of aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHCs), such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, e.g., from handling combustion fuels. These are important precursors for formation secondary aerosol. Here we show that oxidation aromatics with OH leads subsequent autoxidation chain reaction forming highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) an O : C ratio up 1.09. This is exemplified...
Abstract New particle formation in the Arctic atmosphere is an important source of aerosol particles. Understanding processes secondary crucial due to their significant impact on cloud properties and therefore amplification. We observed molecular new particles from low‐volatility vapors at two sites with differing surroundings. In Svalbard, sulfuric acid (SA) methane sulfonic (MSA) contribute some extent condensation nuclei (CCN). This occurs via ion‐induced nucleation SA NH 3 subsequent...
Faster than expected Iodine species are one of only a handful atmospheric vapors known to make new aerosol particles, which play central role in controlling the radiative forcing climate. He et al. report experimental evidence from CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets, or CLOUD, chamber demonstrating that iodic acid and iodous rapidly form particles can compete with sulfuric pristine regions. Science , this issue p. 589
Significance A mechanism for the formation of atmospheric aerosols via gas to particle conversion highly oxidized organic molecules is found be dominant aerosol process in preindustrial boundary layer over land. The inclusion this a global model raises baseline concentrations and could lead reduction 27% estimates anthropogenic radiative forcing.
Understanding the atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) process within global range is important for revealing budget of aerosols and their impacts. We investigated seasonal characteristics NPF in urban environment Beijing. Aerosol size distributions down to ∼1 nm H2SO4 concentration were measured during 2018–2019. The observed rate 1.5 particles (J1.5) significantly higher than those clean environment, e.g., Hyytiälä, whereas growth not different. Both J1.5 frequency Beijing show a clear...
Atmospheric gas-to-particle conversion is a crucial or even dominant contributor to haze formation in Chinese megacities terms of aerosol number, surface area and mass. Based on our comprehensive observations Beijing during 15 January 2018-31 March 2019, we are able show that 80-90% the mass (PM2.5) was formed via atmospheric reactions days over 65% number concentration particles resulted from new particle (NPF). Furthermore, faster when subsequent growth newly enhanced. Our findings suggest...
Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) studies in China were summarized comprehensively this paper. NPF frequency, rate, and growth rate closely compared among the observations carried out at different types of sites regions seasons, with aim exploring nucleation mechanisms. The interactions between air pollution are discussed, emphasizing properties under heavy conditions. current understanding cannot fully explain frequent occurrence high aerosol loadings China, possible reasons for...
Abstract Intense and frequent new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed in polluted urban environments, yet the dominant mechanisms are still under debate. To understand key species governing processes of NPF we conducted comprehensive measurements downtown Beijing during January–March, 2018. We performed detailed analyses on sulfuric acid cluster composition budget, as well chemical physical properties oxidized organic molecules (OOMs). Our results demonstrate that fast...