A5003260011- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Animal health and immunology
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Food Safety and Hygiene
Washington State University
2016-2025
Washington State Department of Health
2012-2017
University of Calgary
2017
University of Washington
2017
Washington University in St. Louis
2017
Texas A&M University
2012
Cornell University
2012
New York State Department of Health
2012
University of California, Irvine
2012
United States Department of Agriculture
2012
Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes bloody diarrhea and potentially fatal systemic sequelae in humans. Cattle are most frequently identified as the primary source of infection, E. generally colonizes gastrointestinal tracts cattle without causing disease. In this study, persistence tropism were assessed for four different strains. Experimentally infected calves shed organism at least 14 days prior to necropsy. For majority these animals, well a naturally colonized animal obtained from commercial...
Escherichia coli O157.H7 was found in 10 of 3570 (0.28%) faecal samples from dairy cattle 5 60 herds (8.3%). Several tentative associations with manure handling and feeding management practices on farms were identified. Faecal/urine slurry samples, bulk milk filters negative for E. O157.H7. also isolated 1412 (0.71%) pastured beef 4 25 (16%) herds. The prevalence excretion feedlot 2 600 (0.33%). identification associated colonization by suggests the possibility that human exposure may be...
ABSTRACT The mechanisms used by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli to adhere epithelial cells are incompletely understood. Two cosmids from an E. O157:H7 DNA library contain adherence-conferring chromosomal gene encoding a protein similar iron-regulated A (IrgA) of Vibrio cholerae (M. B. Goldberg, S. A. Boyko, J. R. Butterton, Stoebner, M. Payne, and Calderwood, Mol. Microbiol. 6:2407–2418, 1992). We have termed the product this IrgA homologue adhesin (Iha), which is encoded iha ....
Escherichia coli O157 shedding in 14 cattle herds was determined by faecal culture at intervals of approximately 1 month for up to 13 months. The overall prevalence 1·0% (113/10832 samples) and 9 the were detected as positive. Herds positive 2 years previously ( n =5) had a higher (median=1·9%) than which been negative on previous sampling =8, median=0·2%). Weaned heifers (1·8%) did unweaned calves (0·9%) or adults (0·4%). For all highest occurred summer months, resulted most samples being...
Ovine scrapie is a member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), heterogeneous family fatal neurologic disorders characterized by deposition an abnormal isoform (prion protein [PrP] PrP-Sc) cellular sialoglycoprotein in neural tissue. PrP-Sc detectable some lymphoid tissues infected sheep months or years before development clinical disease. Detection these basis for live-animal testing. In this study, we characterize performance preclinical diagnostic test ovine based on...
This study examined the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and classification accuracy of 3 commonly used screening tests for failure passive transfer: sodium sulfite turbidity test, zinc sulfate re‐fractometry relative to serum immunoglobulin G 1 , (IgG ) concentrations determined by radial immunodiffusion. Serum samples were obtained from 242 calves ranging 8 days age. Using a concentration 1,000 mg/dL IgG define adequate transfer, test had sensitivity 1.00 specificity 0.52 in...
ABSTRACT Environmental survival of Escherichia coli O157 may play an important role in the persistence and dissemination this organism on farms. The culturable infectious E. was studied using microcosms simulating cattle water troughs. Culturable survived for at least 245 days microcosm sediments. Furthermore, strains surviving more than 6 months contaminated were to a group 10-week-old calves. Fecal excretion by these calves persisted 87 after challenge. Water trough sediments with feces...
Summary Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by Holstein calves was studied in 3 herds which methods colostrum feeding were used. Failure passive transfer, as determined calf serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) concentration < 10 mg/ml at 48 hours age, diagnosed 61.4% from a dairy nursed their dams, 19.3% using nipple-bottle feeding, and 10.8% tube feeding. The management factor to have the greatest influence on probability failure transfer artificial (bottle or feeding) volume fed it...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) status and PrP genotypes were determined for a group of 133 wild white-tailed deer in 780 acre enclosure western Nebraska, USA. Approximately half the tested showed evidence PrPd brainstem or lymphoid tissues. Four PRNP alleles encoding amino acid substitutions identified, with at residues 95 (Q-->H), 96 (G-->S) 116 (A-->G), each serine (S) residue 138. In addition, processed pseudogene two five six copies octapeptide repeat was identified 26 % deer. Both...
ABSTRACT Identification of the sources and methods transmission Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feedlot cattle may facilitate development on-farm control measures for this important food-borne pathogen. The prevalence E. fecal samples commercial 20 pens between April September 2000 was determined throughout finishing feeding period prior to slaughter. Using immunomagnetic separation, isolated from 636 4,790 (13%) study, with highest earliest period. No differences were observed or water trough...
ABSTRACT The prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria is typically highest in younger animals, and not necessarily related to recent use drugs. In dairy cattle, we hypothesize that drug-resistant, neonate-adapted are responsible for the observed high frequencies resistant Escherichia coli calves. To explore this issue, examined age distribution E. from Holstein cattle at a local conducted an experiment determine if low doses oxytetracycline affected . Isolates tetracycline (>4...
ABSTRACT Feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (RAJ) colonization with Escherichia coli O157:H7 to identify potential “supershedders.” RAJ prevalences correlated, E. counts significantly greater samples. Based on a comparison ratios O157:H7/ counts, the appears be preferentially colonized by serotype. Five supershedders identified based persistent high concentrations O157:H7. Cattle copenned had mean pen than noncopenned cattle. Cumulative was also higher...
Large multidrug resistance plasmids of the A/C incompatibility complex (IncA/C) have been found in a diverse group Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We present three completed sequences from IncA/C that originated Escherichia coli (cattle) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (human) carry cephamycinase gene blaCMY-2. These large (148 to 166 kbp) share extensive sequence identity synteny. The most divergent plasmid, peH4H, has lost several conjugation-related genes gained...
ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica can be spread from cattle to humans through direct contact with animals shedding as well the food chain, making MDR a serious threat human health. The objective of this study was use whole-genome sequencing compare antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) serovars Typhimurium, Newport, and Dublin isolated dairy in Washington State New York at genotypic phenotypic levels. A total 90 isolates were selected for (37 S . 32 21 isolates). All tested...
ABSTRACT Infectious disease contributed to historical declines and extirpations of bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ) in North America continues impede population restoration management. Reports pneumonia outbreaks free‐ranging following contact with domestic have been validated by the results 13 captive commingling experiments. However, ecological etiological complexities still hinder our understanding control respiratory wild sheep. In this paper, we review literature summarize recent data...
The PrP gene encodes the putative causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a heterogeneous group fatal, neurodegenerative disorders including human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, bovine encephalopathy, ovine scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) North American deer elk. Polymorphisms in are associated with variations relative susceptibility, pathological lesion patterns, incubation times clinical course TSEs humans, mice sheep. Sequence analysis from Rocky...
Recognizing the importance of antimicrobial resistance and need for veterinarians to aid in efforts maintaining usefulness drugs animals humans, Board Regents American College Veterinary Internal Medicine charged a special committee with responsibility drafting this position statement regarding drug use veterinary medicine. The Committee believes that are obligated balance well‐being under their care protection other public health. Therefore, if an animal's medical condition can be...