Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of COVID-19 pandemic and increased mortality, especially among elderly patients those who have severe complications, such as chronic pulmonary obstruction, hypertension, diabetes, cancer. Nutrition, micronutrients, plays an important role in reducing mortality complications from because micronutrients strengthen our immune system nutritional status factor that affects outcome with COVID-19. Among selenium has effect on...

Breast tuberculosis (breast TB) is an extremely rare disease, so case reviews are also rare.This study a retrospective review of patients with breast TB who were treated between 2002 and 2012 at the Health Center Gorgan City.All 22 females, their mean age was 32.4 years, all new cases. Patients presented swelling (22%), lump (55%) excretion from involved (27%), pain (55%). The highest rate occurred in 2011 (27%). All received DOTS regimen for duration 7.3 ± 0.7 months; addition, segmental...

Background: Studies on COVID-19 infection in patients with hepatitis B have yielded conflicting results. Objectives: Key areas of focus include the impact chronic (CHB) immune system, its interaction other viruses, and effectiveness antiviral treatment these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined CHB healthy individuals diagnosed COVID-19. The involved 300 referred to infectious disease clinic an outpatient basis. cohort comprised 150 [50 carriers 100 treated tenofovir...

Background: Since the first documentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been a notable emphasis on it in brief period, especially as mortality rate and confirmed cases steadily rise. The rapid accurate laboratory identification an ongoing COVID-19 infection is essential for efficient pandemic control. For diagnostic purposes, various testing methods have developed to detect severity COVID-19. These play crucial role identifying managing spread...

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the frequency of contamination with TORCH agents in neonates congenital malformations a referral centre Gorgan city, Islamic Republic Iran. Blood samples were taken from 64 and their mothers over 20-month period 2003-04. Serologic tests showed that 4/64 infants born (6%) had positive 1 gM antibody titres for Texoplasma gondil (2 cases), rubella virus (1 case) cytomegalovirus case). 9/63 (14%), also T. (3 cases) cases). No...

Co-infection of HBV, HCV and HIV is common because shared routes viral transmission with increased risk morbidity mortality. Anti-HCV antibodies 168 HBV patients were assayed. in was seen four cases (2.4%). Simultaneous infection patents three (1.8%). There no simultaneous co-infection HCV, HBV. It recommended that all are screened for possible co-infections before initiating treatment.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health concern worldwide, with critical outcomes. e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis frequently caused by a mutation (G1896A) in the precore (PC) reading frame, which creates stop codon, causing premature termination of HBe protein.This study aimed to investigate G1896A PC and its effect on HBeAg detection HBV patients.In this study, 120 patients neither vaccinated or who had benefited from immunoglobulin therapy, were recruited....

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are clinically important, especially in nosocomial and neonatal infections. The increasing emergence of glycopeptide-resistant CoNS has made these agents therapeutically challenging. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the susceptibility patterns teicoplanin vancomycin Gorgan, northern Iran. Materials Methods: A total 100 clinical samples were obtained from different wards a hospital screened for with standard microbiological biochemical...

Introduction: Animal bite is a public health problem worldwide.The aim of this study was to investigate frequency animal bites in Golestan province, northeast Iran, between 2011 and 2012.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional done by collecting data from medical records victims referred the centers 2011-12.Information collected included species animals, gender, age, occupation, location residence, type treatment, injury.The were analyzed SPSS (version 16).Results: Overall, there 10,810...

Background: Cytokines, as key regulators of immune responses, are imbalanced in tuberculosis (TB) which may reflect the status disease. Therefore, cytokines could be introduced potential diagnostic and prognostic TB biomarkers. Objectives: Here, we examined plasma levels IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β among newly diagnosed patients with comparison to normal subjects analyzed utility each cytokine introduce a novel biomarker. Methods: A total 105 smear-positive, including 78 (ND) 27 under treatment (UT)...

Background: The role of immune system in natural course viral hepatitis has been drawn some attention. One the main diagnostic markers function different diseases might be ratio CD4+ to CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD4+/CD8+ ratio). Objectives: This research aimed measure and compare CD4+/CD8+ patients with chronic B (CHB) control group. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty-three CHB thirty age sex-matched healthy controls were included. Immunophenotyping isolated cells was performed using...

Mutations at Nucleotide 1762, 1764 and 1766 of Hepatitis B Virus X Gene in Patients with Chronic B-Related Cirrhosis

Sir, Irrational prescription of drugs could result in health and economic consequences which is evitable.[123] In many countries, antibiotics are about 30%-50% prescribed drugs.[14] Increased resistant species decreased efficiency cause enormous costs systems.[234] A valid index called Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical-Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to study statistically.[2] This was conducted 2009 internal, infectious disease, surgical wards...