A5025702872- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Analytical chemistry methods development
- Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Coffee research and impacts
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Heavy metals in environment
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
National Center for Environmental Health
2015-2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016-2025
Augusta University Health
2024
Augusta University
2024
Center for Environmental Health
2006-2021
The Centers
2016-2021
United States Food and Drug Administration
2018
Office of the Chief Scientist
2017
University of Minnesota
2010-2012
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
2012
Introduction:Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing dramatically in developed countries, but little known about these rapidly evolving products. This study analyzed and evaluated the chemical composition including nicotine, tobacco alkaloids, pH, flavors 36 e-liquids brands from 4 manufacturers.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants created primarily from incomplete combustion various organic materials including tobacco. Cigarette smoke is complex mixture classes compounds, numerous PAHs, in both the mainstream and sidestream fractions. We measured levels 14 PAHs unfiltered custom cigarettes made individual tobacco types 30 brands domestic blended using standardized smoking conditions, extraction Cambridge filter pads, gas...
The mainstream smoke yields of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined for 50 commercial U.S. cigarettes using a validated GC/MS method with the International Organization Standardization (ISO) and Canadian Intense (CI) smoking machine regimens. PAH deliveries vary widely among ISO regimen primarily because differing filter ventilation. more abundant, lower molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene predominantly comprise total yields. In contrast,...
Objective Oral tobacco products contain nicotine and carcinogenic tobacco-specific N -nitrosamines (TSNAs) that can be absorbed through the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine typical pH ranges concentrations total nicotine, unionised (the most readily form) five TSNAs in selected distributed globally. Methods A 53 from 5 World Health Organisation (WHO) regions were analysed for TSNAs, including 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), using gas chromatography...
A significant portion of the increased risk cancer and respiratory disease from exposure to cigarette smoke is attributed volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, 21 VOCs were quantified in mainstream 50U.S. domestic brand varieties that included high market share brands 2 Kentucky research cigarettes (3R4F 1R5F). Mainstream was generated under ISO 3308 Canadian Intense (CI) smoking protocols with linear machines a gas sampling bag collection followed by solid phase...
The designs and liquid formulations of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) devices continue to rapidly evolve. Thus, it is important monitor characterize ENDS aerosols for changes in toxic constituents. Many now include the addition organic acids a 1 molar ratio with nicotine. Metal concentrations produced by different nicotine salt were analyzed. Aerosols from containing lactic acid had higher nickel, zinc, copper, chromium than benzoic or levulinic acid. Our scanning electron...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one class of chemical compounds that (1) present at low to trace levels in unburned cigarette filler, and (2) predominantly generated during combustion. According a recent report the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 10 carcinogenic PAHs together with 53 other known carcinogens smoke. Accurate quantification these chemicals helps assess public health risk both smokers nonsmokers exposed second-hand We have developed validated specific...
In 2005, approximately 2.3% of U.S. adults used smokeless tobacco. Moist snuff leads all types tobacco in revenues and marketing expenditures. The Surgeon General has concluded that use can lead to nicotine addiction. National Toxicology Program the Institutes Health classified as a human carcinogen. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are potent carcinogens products, pH product influences content un-ionized which is form most rapidly absorbed mouth. Centers for Disease Control Prevention...
It has been estimated that one in every five cancer deaths worldwide are related to tobacco use. According the IARC, 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 8 tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), as well at least 45 other compounds or substances found smoke, potential human carcinogens. The levels of these carcinogens contents smoke emissions vary between different products. We evaluated mainstream from cigarettes made with types examine relation their deliveries TSNAs PAHs any...
Public health officials and leaders of 168 nations have signaled their concern regarding the economic impacts smoking by becoming signatory parties to World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). One FCTC's purposes is help achieve meaningful regulation for tobacco products in order decrease exposure harmful potentially constituents (HPHCs) delivered users those who are exposed secondhand smoke. Determining baseline delivery ranges HPHCs modern commercial crucial...
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in United States. There are numerous harmful substances tobacco and smoke. Among more than 4,000 identified compounds smoke, many metals contribute to health risks associated with use. Specific found smoke have been classified as carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Exposure toxic can outcomes including inflammation, sensitization carcinogenesis. Metals transported proportionally their concentrations filler a given...
This publication reports the first known use of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitation five minor tobacco alkaloids (nornicotine, myosmine, anabasine, anatabine, and isonicoteine) in various samples. A summary concentrations these alkaloid levels filler from 50 popular cigarette brands were found to be 659-986 μg/g nornicotine, 8.64-17.3 127-185 927-1390 23.4-45.5 isonicoteine. Levels reference cigarettes (1R5F, 2R4F, 3R4F, CM4, CM6) as well burley, flue-cured,...
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are N-nitroso-derivatives of pyridine-alkaloids (e.g., nicotine) present in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Two TSNAs, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), included on the Food Drug Administration's list harmful potentially constituents (HPHCs) products tobacco. The amounts four TSNAs (NNK, NNN, N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT)) mainstream smoke from 50 U.S. commercial brands were measured...
The bacterial communities present in smokeless tobacco (ST) products have not previously reported. In this study, we used Next Generation Sequencing to study the bacteria U.S.-made dry snuff, moist snuff and Sudanese toombak. Sample diversity taxonomic abundances were investigated these products. A total of 33 families from four phyla, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria Bacteroidetes, identified. U.S.-produced contained a diverse distribution all phyla. Moist dominated by Firmicutes....
To provide researchers an extensive characterization of the SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes.Data on cigarette physical properties, content, harmful and potentially constituents in tobacco filler was compiled.Data concentrations menthol, minor alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, toxic metals for all available varieties Spectrum cigarettes are provided. The similarity chemistry properties to commercial renders them acceptable use...
As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead ENDS using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method’s limits detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb respectively....
Abstract Introduction Nicotine pouch products, oral smokeless products that contain nicotine but no tobacco leaf material, have recently entered the US marketplace. Available data indicate sales of these in United States increased since 2018; however, extent use among youth and adults is uncertain. Methods To assay chemistry emerging we analyzed 37 brands from six total manufacturers. Almost all had flavor descriptors (36 37), such as mint, licorice, coffee, cinnamon, fruit. The amount free...
Objective: Survey of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) smoke deliveries from 77 cigarette brands purchased in 35 countries was conducted using a standardised machine smoking method. The goal this study to determine regional variations differences the CO yields brand manufactured by leading transnational corporation non-US locally popular brands. Design: majority cigarettes were each participating delegate members World Health Organization forwarded Centers for Disease Control...
Mainstream cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing more than 4400 chemicals. The proliferation of new brands has necessitated development faster and reliable methods capable analyzing wide range compounds in smoke. Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified whole as human carcinogen, many individual chemicals are themselves highly biologically active carcinogens, teratogens, or have implications cardiovascular disease. Among these volatile organic (VOCs),...
Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemical compounds, including many carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To determine the concentration ranges PAHs in tobacco and to understand what factors alter their levels, we quantitatively measured 14 mainstream from a transnational U.S. brand (Marlboro) locally popular cigarettes countries. We used standardized machine smoking conditions (35-mL puff volume, 60-s interval, 2-s duration), extraction total particulate matter Cambridge...
The widespread exposure to potentially harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) merits the development of practical and accurate assessment methods. Measuring urinary concentrations VOC mercapturic acid (MA) metabolites provides noninvasive selective information about recent certain VOCs. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying levels six MAs: N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (HPMA),...