Although anticapsular antibodies confer serotype-specific immunity to pneumococci, children increase their ability clear colonization before these appear, suggesting involvement of other mechanisms. We previously reported that intranasal immunization mice with pneumococci confers CD4+ T cell–dependent, antibody- and serotype-independent protection against colonization. Here we show this immunity, rather than preventing initiation carriage, accelerates clearance over several days, accompanied...

A notable feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that children are less susceptible to severe disease. Children known experience more infections with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) compared adults. Little whether HCoV lead cross-reactive anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies.We investigated the presence anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies spike 1 (S1), S1-receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD), and nucleocapsid protein (NP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent...

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality especially in children. Some pneumococcal protein antigens can protect mice against infection. Little information is available concerning the nature of naturally acquired protective immunity to pneumococci humans induced by these antigens. This study investigates relationships between systemic local antibody production carriage Children undergoing adenoidectomy ( n =112, ages 2–12 years) were studied. Nasopharyngeal...

Recent studies in mice have suggested that T cell immunity may be protective against pneumococcal infection.CD4 proliferative responses to the proteins pneumolysin (Ply), Ply toxoid (F433), and choline-binding protein A were investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) adenoidal (MNCs) obtained from children undergoing adenoidectomy.Ply F433 induce significant proliferation of CD4 both PBMCs MNCs, memory naive phenotypes proliferated after stimulation. In PBMCs, induced by F433,...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) diminish immune responses to microbial infection, which may contribute preventing inflammation-related local tissue damage and autoimmunity but also chronicity of infection. Nasopharyngeal carriage pneumococcus is common in young children can persist for long periods it unknown whether the presence Treg nasopharynx contributes this persistence. We have investigated numbers activities Foxp3+Treg adenoidal tissues their association with pneumococcal children....

ABSTRACT Previous studies in children have shown that Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugate vaccines can reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of H. and provide herd immunity suggest this effect is mediated through mucosal antibodies. As phenomenon may operate other invasive bacterial infections which are propagated by carriage, antibody responses to meningococcal C A/C were investigated. A total 106 school aged 11 17 years randomized receive a single dose either or vaccine...

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Pneumococcal protein antigens are currently under study as components potential vaccines that offer protection against multiple serotypes. We have therefore characterized T cell pneumococcal immunity acquired through asymptomatic carriage MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 healthy Gambian adults were stimulated with supernatants derived S. strain (D39), 2 isogenic mutant strains...

ABSTRACT There is increasing interest recently in developing intranasal vaccines against respiratory tract infections. The antibody response critical for vaccine-induced protection, and T follicular helper cells (T FH ) are considered important mediating the response. Most data supporting role from animal studies, direct evidence humans limited, apart presence of -like blood. We studied activation induction their anti-influenza induced by a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) human...

Rationale: Needle-free intranasal vaccines offer major potential advantages, especially against pathogens entering via mucosal surfaces. As yet, there is no effective vaccine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous pathogen of global importance that preferentially infects epithelial cells; new strategies are urgently required.Objectives: Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity novel RSV F protein linked to an immunostimulatory bacterium-like particle (BLP).Methods: In this...

Helicobacter pylori is associated with neutrophil infiltration within the gastroduodenal mucosa. Neutrophil activation provides a major source of oxygen free radicals, which have been implicated in pathogenesis peptic ulceration.To investigate if cytotoxin producing strains H are generation oxidative burst polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).76 patients undergoing endoscopy whom 45 had ulcer and 31 chronic gastritis only were studied.Strains cultured Brucella broth. After 48 hours, bacteria...

ABSTRACT Studies of mice suggest that pneumococcal proteins, including PspA, pneumolysin, PsaA, and CbpA, are promising vaccine candidates. To determine whether these proteins good mucosal immunogens in humans, adenoidal lymphocytes from 20 children who had adenoidectomies were isolated tested by ELISpot for antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). Cells also cultured 7 days the presence a concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) type 14 strain pneumococcus which contained secreted...

Dengue is a major global disease requiring improved treatment and prevention strategies. The recently licensed Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine does not protect children under the age of nine, additional strategies are thus needed to halt this expanding epidemic. Here, we employed molecular engineering approach plant expression produce humanized highly immunogenic poly-immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) fused consensus dengue envelope protein III domain (cEDIII). immunogenicity IgG Fc...

It is shown that the arc model based on laminar flow cannot predict satisfactorily voltage of an air burning in a supersonic nozzle. The Prandtl mixing length (PML) and modified k-epsilon turbulence (MKE) are used to introduce enhanced momentum energy transport. Arc voltages predicted by these two models good agreement with experiments at stagnation pressure (P0) 10 bar. MKE for P0 = 13 bar 7 better than those PML. therefore preferred nozzle arc. There peaks ρCP 4000 K 7000 due,...

Salivary anticapsular antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7VPnC) were measured in healthy infants. Infants received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTP/Hib; group 1), DTP/Hib and 7VPnC (group 2), or DTP 7VPnC/Hib 3) at ages 2, 3 4 months. All children 23-valent polysaccharide age 13 IgA IgG primary immunizations generally poor. mean concentrations 5 months higher the treatment groups than control subjects for serotype 14 only (P <...

ABSTRACT Nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are part of human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which may play an important role in local defense against pneumococci. Recent studies with animals have suggested that several pneumococcal proteins, including CbpA and pneumolysin (Ply), be vaccine candidates. Our recent data obtained children suggest antibodies to these proteins protect carriage. This study was performed investigate the regulation T-cell-dependent antibody responses by...

Choline-binding protein A (CbpA) and pneumolysin (Ply) can induce the expression release of chemokines by human cells, which might modulate specific immune responses. In dendritic cells (DCs), such effects could be important for size character immunity induced if administered as vaccines. We studied induction CCL CXCL CbpA Ply in DCs related signaling pathways.Proteins derived from bacterial cultures cloning were used stimulants. generated CD14+ monocytes negative selection, followed...

Influenza is a highly contagious mucosal infection in the respiratory tract. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus resulted substantial morbidity and mortality humans. Little known on whether immunological memory develops following pH1N1 it provides protection against other subtypes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay was used to analyze hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cell responses after antigen stimulation nose-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) from children adults....

ABSTRACT Meningococcal group A+C capsular polysaccharide (PS) conjugate vaccines may prime for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) memory responses to meningococcal PS. It is not known whether these induce immunological at the mucosal level, which be important in reducing nasopharyngeal carriage. Mucosal immune and PS young adults were investigated. Healthy university students randomized receive either a groups vaccine (MACconj, n = 100) or (MACPS, 95). One year after primary immunization, both...

Increasing evidence supports a critical role of CD8+ T-cell immunity against influenza. Activation mucosal T cells, particularly tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells recognizing conserved epitopes would mediate rapid and broad protection. Matrix protein 1 (M1) is well-conserved internal protein.We studied the capacity modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccine expressing nucleoprotein (NP) M1 (MVA-NP+M1) to activate M1-specific response, including TRM in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid...

A small round virus (SRV) identified and isolated in our laboratory from intestinal samples of poults affected with the poult enteritis mortality syndrome was further characterized. The SRV propagated turkey embryos purified by differential isopycnic ultracentrifugation. size 30-32 nm diameter. buoyant density cesium chloride between 1.34 1.36 g/cm3. It resistant to chloroform treatment, stable at pH 3.0, heat treatment. Attempts propagate embryo kidney, Caco-2, Vero, BGM-70 cells were...